Symptoms and Treatment of Upper Respiratory Infections in Cats

Upper respiratory infections (URIs) in cats are common ailments primarily caused by viruses like feline herpesvirus and calicivirus, with possible secondary bacterial infections. Recognising symptoms early and seeking prompt veterinary care is vital to ensure your cat’s swift recovery and to avoid complications.

Recognising Symptoms of Upper Respiratory Infections in Cats

Typically, URIs present in two phases: an acute stage followed by a potential chronic carrier state. Symptoms can vary in severity but usually appear within two to three weeks post-exposure, peaking around ten days.

• Frequent sneezing
• Red, inflamed eyes similar to conjunctivitis with watery or thick discharge
• Watery or pus-containing nasal discharge
• Listlessness and lethargy
• Loss of appetite leading to anorexia
• Fever

As infection worsens by day four or five, other signs such as mouth breathing due to nasal congestion, wheezing, coughing spasms, severe eye redness and swelling, and ulcers in the mouth might appear. Loss of appetite can lead to dehydration, which further weakens the immune system.

When to Visit the Vet

If your cat exhibits early symptoms or you notice worsening signs like difficulty breathing, refusal to eat or drink, green-yellow nasal or eye discharge, or persistent fever, consult your vet immediately. Early diagnosis leads to less discomfort and effective treatment.

How Are Upper Respiratory Infections Treated?

Most URIs caused by viruses are managed with supportive care. Your vet may prescribe antibiotics if a secondary bacterial infection is suspected. Treatment typically includes:

• Medication to fight bacterial infections, administered exactly as prescribed
• Immune support through supplements such as L-Lysine and probiotics
• Keeping your cat’s food warm and aromatic to encourage eating
• Providing moist food and fluids, sometimes with veterinary-assisted hydration if necessary
• Gentle cleaning of nasal and eye discharge to prevent irritation

Severe cases might require hospitalisation with oxygen therapy, injectable fluids, and nebulisation treatments to aid breathing. Never administer human decongestants or medications without veterinary guidance.

Preventing Upper Respiratory Infections in Cats

Prevention focuses on maintaining your cat's overall health and immune system strength. Key measures include:

• Vaccinating your cat against common respiratory viruses and keeping boosters up to date
• Minimising stress, which can precipitate viral flare-ups, by maintaining stable routines and a peaceful environment
• Keeping infected cats isolated to prevent the spread
• Ensuring your cat lives in a clean, less crowded environment

Indoor cats or those with limited contact with unvaccinated animals are generally at lower risk. Young kittens, pregnant or lactating females, and cats with compromised immunity are especially vulnerable and require careful monitoring.

Conclusion

Upper respiratory infections in cats require attentive care and swift veterinary intervention. Recognising symptoms early and following prescribed treatment plans helps prevent complications and supports your furry friend's recovery. Always rely on professional veterinary advice and maintain regular vaccinations to protect your cat’s respiratory health.

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