10 Things You Must Know About Pugs Before Buying One

The pug is a small, stocky, and compact dog breed well-loved across the UK and worldwide. Popular as one of the top small companion breeds, pugs belong to the Kennel Club’s toy dog group, highlighting their history as affectionate lapdogs rather than working dogs.

Ranking third in popularity among over 240 recognised breeds in the UK, pugs appeal widely due to their temperament and adaptable lifestyle fit. However, to ensure a happy lifelong relationship, it’s vital to understand the breed's unique characteristics and care needs before purchasing.

This guide explores ten key things you need to know about pugs before bringing one home, helping you make an informed decision for your family and furry friend.

1. Pugs Are Toy Dogs but Can Be Surprisingly Lively

Despite being small, pugs are lively and playful. Their compact size means they generally require less exercise, but they do need regular walks and playtime to stay healthy and happy. Aim for at least two short brisk walks daily along with indoor play.

2. They Are Extremely Social and Need Company

Pugs thrive on human companionship and can develop separation anxiety if left alone for long periods. If your schedule limits time at home, this breed might struggle. Consider your lifestyle carefully to match their need for attention and interaction.

3. Pugs Are Intelligent and Quick Learners

Known as the comedians of the dog world, pugs combine playfulness with intelligence. They often pick up training commands rapidly and enjoy learning new tricks, especially when training is positive and consistent. This makes them suitable for first-time dog owners.

4. The Brachycephalic Face Requires Special Attention

A defining trait of pugs is their flat faces and short muzzles, classifying them as brachycephalic. This can lead to breathing difficulties, especially if the muzzle is overly short or the nostrils are narrow. Choosing a pug with a moderate muzzle length reduces health risks.

5. Hot Weather Needs Careful Management

Due to their flat noses and stocky build, pugs are susceptible to overheating. In warm weather, provide plenty of shade and fresh water, avoid strenuous exercise, and use cooling mats or jackets when necessary to keep your pug comfortable and safe.

6. Health Concerns Are Complex and Widespread

Pugs are prone to various hereditary health conditions. Common issues include respiratory problems, eye conditions such as protruding eyes, skin infections, and obesity-related complications. Not all pugs suffer severely but awareness and proactive care are essential.

7. Health Testing of Breeding Stock Is Crucial

Responsible breeders conduct health screenings to minimise hereditary diseases. Important tests include those assessing respiratory function for Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), DNA tests for genetic conditions like Degenerative Myelopathy, and hearing tests (BAER). Always request test results and choose breeders who prioritise health.

8. Rare Coat Colours May Pose Additional Risks

Some pug colours outside the Kennel Club standards, like merle, not only cannot be officially registered but may be linked to health problems. Opt for standard colours to help ensure your pug’s wellbeing.

9. Weight Management Is Essential but Can Be Challenging

Pugs are prone to weight gain, which seriously affects their health due to their body type. Maintain a balanced diet with portion control and avoid excessive treats to prevent obesity and its related health issues.

10. Pugs Can Be Expensive to Buy and Maintain

Purchasing a pedigree pug from a reputable breeder averages around £848, with non-pedigree dogs often costing less. Insurance may also be higher due to breed-specific health risks, and veterinary bills can add up over time. Budget carefully to provide the best care for your pug throughout its life.

What You Should Ask When Looking for a Pug

When buying a pug, ask breeders about the health tests performed on the puppy’s parents, their experience with managing brachycephalic issues, and any prior surgeries or health interventions. Confirm the puppy’s living conditions and socialisation practices. Seeing the parents in person where possible helps evaluate temperament and health.

How to Care for Your Pug in Hot UK Summers

Pugs need special care during the warmer months. Provide consistent access to fresh water, create cool shaded resting spots, use cooling aids like mats and jackets, and avoid walks during the hottest parts of the day. Watch for signs of heat distress such as excessive panting or lethargy and consult a vet if concerned.

What Health Tests Are Important for Pugs Before Purchase?

Quick Answer: Respiratory Function Grading (RFG) for BOAS, DNA tests for genetic conditions such as Degenerative Myelopathy, and BAER hearing tests are crucial to ensure your pug’s health.

Detailed Explanation: Pugs are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) due to their flat faces. The RFG scheme, developed by The Kennel Club and University of Cambridge, grades respiratory health and is a recommended test every two years. DNA testing for hereditary diseases like Degenerative Myelopathy helps identify risks early. Hearing tests (BAER) evaluate auditory health. Responsible breeders provide these test results to give prospective owners confidence in the puppy’s health status.

Summary

Choosing a pug is a commitment requiring knowledge of the breed’s unique needs. They are affectionate, intelligent, and make wonderful pets but can come with complex health and care demands. Prioritize purchasing from reputable breeders who conduct thorough health testing, be prepared for active companionship, manage weight carefully, and provide special attention in hot weather. With the right approach, a pug can be a joyful and loving addition to your family.