The Basics of Anaemia in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Anaemia in dogs is a condition where there is a reduction in red blood cells or haemoglobin, leading to decreased oxygen delivery throughout the body. This lack of oxygen can cause various symptoms and may indicate an underlying health issue.

When your vet diagnoses your dog with anaemia, they will explain what this means, why it has occurred, and what underlying condition might be responsible. Because anaemia can stem from numerous causes, understanding the basics will help you support your dog's health effectively.

What is Anaemia in Dogs?

Anaemia occurs when your dog’s bloodstream lacks sufficient red blood cells or haemoglobin, which are vital for carrying oxygen to organs and tissues.

Causes of anaemia include:

• Reduced red blood cell production due to conditions affecting bone marrow, such as leukaemia.
• Increased destruction of red blood cells, as seen in immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA).
• Blood loss from injuries, ulcers, or parasites.
• Deficiencies in essential nutrients like iron or vitamin B12.

How Anaemia Develops in Dogs

Your dog’s bone marrow produces red blood cells, prompted by a hormone from the kidneys when oxygen levels drop. This process requires adequate nutrients like iron, copper, and vitamin B12.

If these nutrients are missing or the bone marrow is diseased, red blood cell production slows or stops, leading to anaemia.

Recognising the Signs of Anaemia

Anaemia symptoms vary widely depending on severity but often include:

• Lethargy and reduced enthusiasm for exercise or play.
• Slowed responses to commands or general weakness.
• Pale gums or mucous membranes, sometimes noticeable on the nose or eyelids.
• Rapid breathing or heart rate in acute cases.

Sometimes, signs relate more to the underlying cause than the anaemia itself. If your dog exhibits any of these symptoms, a veterinary check-up is essential.

Treatment and Management of Anaemia

Treatment focuses on resolving the underlying condition causing anaemia. Mild cases might improve as your dog heals. More severe cases may require interventions such as:

• Blood transfusions to stabilise blood oxygen levels.
• Medications like corticosteroids for immune-related anaemia.
• Supplements to address nutrient deficiencies.
• Deworming or antibiotics if infections or parasites are involved.

Dogs with non-regenerative anaemia need close monitoring, as their bone marrow fails to replenish red blood cells. Prompt veterinary care improves outcomes and quality of life.

When to Contact Your Vet

If you suspect your dog is anaemic or notice the symptoms described, seek veterinary advice promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to managing anaemia effectively and supporting your dog’s health and recovery.

What is Anaemia in Dogs?

Quick Answer: Anaemia in dogs means a decreased number or quality of red blood cells or haemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport in the blood.

Anaemia can occur because of blood loss, destruction of red blood cells, or failure to produce them. Causes range from trauma to bone marrow diseases or nutrient deficiencies. The condition reduces oxygen delivery to tissues, affecting your dog’s energy and health. Understanding this helps owners recognise signs early and get help.

Can Anaemia in Dogs Be Treated?

Quick Answer: Yes, treatment depends on the underlying cause and can range from supportive care to blood transfusions and medications.

Mild anaemia often improves with treatment of the root condition, while severe anaemia might require blood transfusions or immunosuppressive drugs. Nutritional supplements and parasite control are also key parts of management. Consult your vet for appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan.