The four recognised hairless dog breeds explained

Many dog enthusiasts are familiar with the hairless variety of the Chinese Crested dog. However, did you know there are three other recognised hairless dog breeds with unique traits and histories? Hairlessness in dogs is due to a genetic mutation, a defining feature cherished by enthusiasts but also including furry varieties within these breeds.

Understanding Hairlessness in Dog Breeds

Hairlessness arises from genetic mutations, which can be either dominant or recessive genes. Dominant mutations tend to express the hairless trait more consistently in offspring, sometimes without the need for selective breeding. In contrast, recessive mutations require both parents to carry the gene to produce hairless puppies, often involving careful selective breeding practices.

Some recessive hairless genes exhibit homozygous prenatal lethality, meaning puppies inheriting two copies of the gene do not survive gestation, leading to certain extinct hairless breeds. This complexity emphasises the importance of responsible breeding to maintain breed health and vitality.

Chance of Hairless or Furry Puppies in Hairless Breeds

When two hairless dogs carrying a dominant hairless gene are mated, approximately two-thirds of the puppies will be hairless, and one-third will have fur. A mating between a hairless dog and a furry dog of the same breed typically results in an even split, with half the puppies hairless and half with fur. When two furry dogs from these breeds are mated, the puppies generally all have fur.

The Four Recognised Hairless Dog Breeds

There are four widely recognised pedigree breeds known for their hairlessness, each with distinct qualities and origin stories, as well as a few unrecognised breeds that occasionally produce hairless varieties.

Chinese Crested Dog

The Chinese Crested dog is misleadingly named as it most likely originates in Africa. It includes both hairless and furry varieties that are equally accepted within breed standards. The hairless version has sparse tufts of fur on legs, tail, and the top of the head, along with an unusual dental structure featuring primarily canine-shaped teeth. Its affectionate nature and distinctive appearance make it a popular companion dog.

Mexican Hairless Dog (Xoloitzcuintli)

The Mexican Hairless dog, also known as the Xoloitzcuintli or Xolo, has an ancient lineage tracing back over 3,000 years in Mexico. Previously thought related to the Chinese Crested, DNA testing refuted this. These dogs are naturally robust and healthy, having evolved without extensive human intervention. The hairless Xolo may also show an unusual tooth pattern similar to the Chinese Crested.

Peruvian Hairless Dog (Peruvian Inca Orchid)

The Peruvian Hairless dog, or Peruvian Inca Orchid, is notable for its sleek skin and three size variants: small, medium, and large, with the large variety reaching up to 65cm in height and 25kg in weight. Only the hairless variety is recognised under the breed standard, often displaying tufts of fur on the head, legs, and tail. Similar to other hairless breeds, it may show a distinctive dental pattern. Its ancient origins are deeply tied to Peruvian heritage.

American Hairless Terrier

The American Hairless Terrier developed from the American Rat Terrier and became a recognised breed in its own right. This breed carries the spirited personality typical of terriers but with a completely hairless coat. Unlike the other hairless breeds, the American Hairless Terrier maintains a standard dental structure with normal teeth development and does not share a genetic lineage with the other hairless dog breeds.

Unrecognised Hairless Breeds

In addition to these, two unrecognised hairless breeds occasionally produce hairless dogs: the Hairless Khala and the American Crested Sand Terrier. These breeds are yet to be acknowledged by major kennel clubs and remain niche within the dog community.

Responsible Ownership and Breeding

Owning or breeding hairless dogs requires awareness of their unique care needs. Their lack of coat increases vulnerability to sunburn, cold weather, and skin infections. Regular skin care, appropriate sun protection, and veterinarian guidance are crucial. Ethical and responsible breeding ensures the health of these rare breeds without exacerbating genetic risks.

Finding a healthy puppy should always involve verified reputable breeders who prioritise genetic health and breed standards. Responsible ownership improves the welfare and longevity of hairless dogs, enabling them to thrive as joyful companions.