Symptoms of Illness in Dogs: Key Signs to Watch For

All caring dog owners know that it is important to be on the lookout for any signs of illness or injury in their dogs, and to check their dog over regularly for any lumps, bumps or problems. But what exactly should you be looking for when you examine your dog, and what type of cues and clues in your dog's normal behaviour may indicate that something is amiss? How can you tell when something is minor and will resolve itself, and when you might need to take your dog along to the vet?

Identifying Good Health Is the Best Place to Start

In order to spot when something is wrong with your dog or when their health and condition are changing, you first need to understand what normal health and behaviour look like for your dog. Common signs of good health include a good appetite, healthy weight, shiny coat, clean, alert eyes, and a general zest for life and curiosity about the world around them.

It's equally important to know your own dog's specific normal healthy condition. You can learn more about this in our previous article, Getting to know your dog's normal healthy parameters. Familiarising yourself with these baselines will help you recognise early signs that something might be wrong.

If you want to learn more about identifying symptoms and signs of illness in your dog, read on for our detailed checklist.

Loss of Appetite

If your dog usually eagerly cleans their bowl but suddenly refuses food or shows less interest in meals, this can be a sign of ill health. Before worrying, consider any changes in diet: have you recently switched their food or has the recipe changed? Try offering an alternative to see if their appetite improves.

Lameness and Limping

Lameness or favouring one leg often results from injury or strain but can also point to illnesses such as arthritis. Examine your dog's legs and paws for pain, swelling, cuts, ingrown claws, or foreign objects like grit. Early identification and care can prevent worsening.

Lumps and Bumps

Minor knocks are common and usually resolve within a couple of days. However, lumps or bumps that don't reduce in size, become hot to touch, or cause significant pain warrant veterinary attention. Persistent swelling may indicate infection or tumours.

Changes in Coat Condition

A dull, dry coat or excessive shedding often signals underlying health issues. Check for parasites like fleas or mites, as they can cause discomfort and coat deterioration. Maintaining good grooming and parasite control supports your dog's overall wellbeing.

Reduced Energy and Signs of Depression

While older dogs naturally slow down, a sudden loss of enthusiasm for play, walks, or social interaction can indicate illness or distress. If your dog seems unusually withdrawn or lethargic, a health check may be needed to rule out problems.

Breathing Difficulties

Coughs, colds, or minor sniffles might resolve quickly, but any signs of laboured breathing, rapid panting, wheezing, pain when breathing, or oxygen deprivation are serious and require immediate veterinary consultation.

Changes in Water Intake

Dogs normally drink more in summer and less in winter, but excessive thirst or an inability to quench thirst can signal diseases like diabetes or kidney problems. Monitor your dog's water consumption and consult your vet if you notice significant changes.

Vomiting and Diarrhoea

Occasional vomiting or diarrhoea may not be alarming, but persistent, severe, or recurring episodes need veterinary evaluation. Keep an eye on your dog's stool quality; healthy stools are typically dark, firm, and free from blood or parasites.

Understanding TPR: Temperature, Pulse, and Respiration

"TPR" stands for temperature, pulse, and respiration—basic vital signs. Learning your dog's normal TPR helps detect deviations that might indicate illness. You can find guidance on how to measure these in this helpful article.

Discharges from Eyes, Ears or Nose

Unusual discharges, especially if smelly, coloured abnormally, sudden-onset, or abundant, may suggest infection or other medical concerns. Prompt diagnosis and treatment will help your dog recover swiftly.

Signs of Pain

Dogs cannot verbally tell us when they hurt, but signs such as yelping, whining, flinching when touched, or focussing on a painful spot mean your dog might be in discomfort. Don't ignore these signals; veterinary advice is essential.

Inflammation and Hot Spots

Inflamed or hot areas on the skin can result from injury, infection, or joint and muscle issues. Minor problems might resolve with rest, but swelling should be monitored carefully. Recurrences or worsening symptoms require professional assessment.

If you are in any doubt about the signs or symptoms your dog is showing, or you need further advice, always contact your veterinary surgery. Early veterinary care is crucial for your dog's health and comfort.