3 Dog Breeds Often Mistaken for Spaniels in the UK

The spaniel group remains one of the most beloved and recognisable dog types across the UK, with well-known breeds such as the English springer spaniel and the cocker spaniel topping popularity charts. While there are, in fact, over 20 recognised spaniel breeds worldwide, it's important to understand that some dogs carrying the word “spaniel” in their names are not true spaniels by breeding or function. In this article, we explore three distinctive breeds frequently mislabelled as spaniels, their fascinating origins, characteristics, and what you should know if considering adding one to your family from a reputable breeder.

The Pekingese: The Chinese Toy Dog Often Called a "Spaniel"

The Pekingese puppies are among the oldest known dog breeds, originating in imperial China where they were cherished companions to royalty. Although sometimes dubbed the "Chinese spaniel," this breed is classified in the UK within the toy group rather than among spaniels or gundogs.

These small dogs are instantly recognisable with their long, silky coat, which often trails to the ground, and their dignified, lion-like appearance. Their brachycephalic (flat-faced) features include a short muzzle and big, prominent eyes, making them quite distinct in appearance and somewhat susceptible to specific health concerns linked to their anatomy.

The Pekingese’s resemblance to spaniels might mostly be due to their body shape and ear set, particularly similar to smaller spaniel types like the King Charles spaniel. However, unlike spaniels, Pekingese were bred for companionship rather than flushing or retrieving game, underscoring how physical traits can sometimes mislead breed identity.

The Japanese Chin: A Petite, Regal Companion Mistaken as a Spaniel

The Japanese Chin is another adored toy breed, often affectionately known as the Japanese spaniel, despite not being classified within the spaniel family. This breed's history is closely linked with nobility, tracing back to 8th century Japan and believed to have roots in China before reaching the Japanese court.

Japanese Chin puppies typically have a fine, single-layered coat with delicate feathering and a small, cat-like face famous for their poised, graceful air. Their temperament is often described as quite cat-like too—independent yet affectionate, making them excellent companions in a variety of home settings.

Their frequent misassociation with spaniels arises from their feathered ears and coat pattern, which can resemble spaniel markings like black and white. Nonetheless, like the Pekingese, they have no working heritage as gundogs or flushing spaniels.

The Tibetan Spaniel: A Misnomer with Unique History and Utility Role

With “spaniel” in its name, the Tibetan spaniel easily confuses many dog lovers. Despite this, it is not traditionally a spaniel breed but rather belongs to the utility classification, reflecting its varied historical working roles beyond typical gundog functions.

Originating from Tibet and historically bred to be watchdogs for monasteries, Tibetan spaniels are small yet alert dogs with a charming personality and a distinctive face combining broadness and a somewhat flat muzzle. Their medium-length double coat and tail that curls over their back add to their unique silhouette.

Their slight physical similarity to spaniels such as the Cavalier King Charles spaniel—particularly those bred deliberately as lapdogs—is the likely reason for their misleading name. It’s a fine example of how breed names can sometimes reflect historical or physical traits rather than precise lineage or function.

What Defines a Spaniel? Understanding Breed Classification

A true spaniel breed is generally defined by its working background as a gundog, specifically trained to flush game from cover and retrieve downed prey. Most spaniels share similar physical features such as long ears, expressive eyes, and a medium build conducive to long activity outdoors.

While many modern spaniel breeds have become household pets and show dogs, their origins in hunting and field work remain the defining characteristic separating them from breeds that merely look similar. Breeds like the Pekingese, Japanese Chin, and Tibetan spaniel have no documented history of working as flushing or retrieving hunting dogs, so they do not meet the criteria to be considered genuine spaniels.

Responsible Ownership and Choosing the Right Breed for You

Before welcoming any dog into your home—whether a genuine spaniel or one of these commonly mistaken breeds—it’s essential to consider your lifestyle, housing, and the dog’s specific care needs. Toy breeds like Pekingese and Japanese Chin, for example, require specialised attention to health, grooming, and dental care, while Tibetan spaniels may demand moderate exercise and mental stimulation.

Always seek your new companion from reputable breeders or trusted rescue organisations. Responsible breeders follow ethical practices prioritising the health and temperament of puppies, with all appropriate health checks and socialisation.

If you’re wondering how to buy a dog or where to buy a puppy in the UK, prioritise breeding sources that offer clear lineage information, health guarantees, and support for new owners. Doing this helps ensure your journey into dog ownership is as positive and rewarding as possible, no matter the breed.

Summary: Why Knowing Your Spaniel Breed Matters

Understanding the distinctions between actual spaniels and breeds mistakenly called spaniels allows dog lovers to appreciate the unique qualities of each. The Pekingese, Japanese Chin, and Tibetan spaniel are all wonderful companions with histories and traits separate from spaniels but often confused due to name or appearance.

By recognising these differences and focusing on responsible selection and care, you are best placed to enjoy a happy, healthy relationship with your chosen dog, enriched by knowledge and respect for breed heritage.