UK Laws on Keeping Exotic Fish: Licensing & Welfare Explained

Fish are fascinating pets that bring beauty and calm to any home. However, keeping exotic fish in the UK involves understanding several legal and welfare requirements to ensure their health and environmental safety.

Do You Need a Licence to Keep a Pet Fish in the UK?

For most common pet fish kept indoors—like goldfish or tropical fish purchased from reputable retailers—a licence is not necessary. These ornamental fish can be kept without official permission, making them ideal for hobbyists.

However, if you plan to keep certain non-native fish species in outdoor water bodies such as ponds or lakes, you will need a specific licence. This helps protect native ecosystems from invasive aquatic species.

Additionally, commercial breeders or pet shops trading live fish require an animal activities licence from local authorities to operate legally.

Before adding any less common or exotic fish to your collection, it’s vital to check whether a licence is needed to keep that species in your circumstances.

Responsibilities Under the Animal Welfare Act 2006

The Animal Welfare Act 2006 includes fish as protected animals when kept under human control, such as in home aquariums or aquaculture. Owners are legally required to ensure fish do not suffer unnecessary harm or distress.

Caring for exotic fish means more than feeding and cleaning their tanks. Owners must consider species compatibility, water quality, temperature, and habitat requirements to maintain their welfare. Stress from unsuitable tank mates or conditions can severely affect fish health.

Professional advice is recommended when starting with exotic fish, especially to understand the social and environmental needs of different breeds.

Which Fish Species Are Banned or Restricted in the UK?

The UK bans certain invasive species under regulations aimed at protecting native wildlife and water systems. These species cannot be kept without government permission due to their ecological risks:

• All species of crayfish, except certain authorised ones
• Chinese Sleeper (Amur Sleeper)
• Stone Moroko (Topmouth Gudgeon)
• Marbled Crayfish – prohibited due to rapid reproduction and ecosystem impact
• Pink salmon – controlled due to potential impacts on native salmonid populations

If you wish to keep these or other controlled species, you must apply for specific permits from the relevant environmental authorities.

Can You Import Exotic Fish Into the UK?

Importing live exotic fish requires compliance with the Import of Live Fish Acts (1980) and associated regulations. This means:

• Obtaining permits from the Fish Health Inspectorate (FHI) before import
• Providing health certificates from approved exporters confirming disease-free status
• Notifying authorities of shipments at least 24 hours in advance
• Importing through designated Border Control Posts for inspection
• Complying with quarantine requirements on arrival to prevent disease spread

Following these guidelines protects the UK’s aquatic biodiversity and ensures ethical treatment of imported fish throughout the supply chain.

Can Freshwater Fish Caught with a Rod be Kept as Pets?

Yes, you can keep freshwater fish that you catch legally with a rod and line, provided you follow local bylaws, fishing seasons, and hold a valid fishing permit. Be aware that using nets or other methods to remove multiple fish simultaneously is not permitted.

Always confirm local regulations to ensure compliance and protect fish stocks.

Releasing Pet Fish into the Wild: Why It’s Illegal and Harmful

Releasing pet fish into wild waters is illegal in the UK and can cause irreversible harm. Pet fish are accustomed to controlled, heated environments and rarely survive in natural habitats. Their release risks spreading diseases, disrupting native species, and causing environmental damage.

Treat your fish as lifelong companions, and never release them into the wild. If you cannot care for your fish anymore, seek humane rehoming options or contact professionals for guidance.

How to Dispose of a Dead Exotic Fish Respectfully

When a pet fish passes away, remove it promptly to prevent water contamination. Avoid flushing fish down the toilet or sink as it is unhygienic and harmful to plumbing.

It is best to bury the fish deeply in garden soil away from pets that might dig it up. Wear gloves during burial to avoid contact with bacteria or parasites.

Alternatively, wrap the fish in newspaper and dispose of it in household waste securely sealed inside an envelope or container. You can lightly scent the package to reduce any odour.

Summary and Responsible Ownership Tips

• Check whether a licence is required before acquiring exotic fish.
• Understand and meet the welfare needs to keep fish healthy and stress-free.
• Avoid keeping banned invasive species to protect the UK ecosystem.
• Follow strict import controls to prevent the spread of disease and invasive species.
• Never release fish into the wild; consider care for life responsibly.
• Dispose of deceased fish with respect and hygiene.

Keeping exotic fish is a rewarding hobby that demands responsibility, knowledge, and compliance with UK laws to protect both your pets and the environment.