Umbilical Hernia in Dogs: Causes, Signs & Treatment

Umbilical hernias are a fairly common condition in dogs, especially puppies, where the abdominal wall at the belly button (umbilicus) does not close completely after birth. This leaves an opening that can allow fat or even internal organs to protrude, causing a bulge.Airedale Terrier puppies and some other breeds are more predisposed to this hereditary condition, though any dog can develop it.

Signs of Umbilical Hernia in Dogs

There are two main types of umbilical hernias:

• Uncomplicated hernias appear as soft swellings at the belly button. These lumps may vary in size, sometimes becoming less noticeable, and the dog usually shows no signs of pain or illness.
• Complicated hernias occur when abdominal contents, such as intestines, protrude through the opening and may become trapped, causing pain and other symptoms.

Signs of a complicated umbilical hernia can include:

• Pain or tenderness around the belly button
• Warmth or redness in the area
• Lack of appetite
• Vomiting
• Depression or lethargy

When you notice any swelling or unusual lumps around your dog's umbilicus, especially if accompanied by these symptoms, it is important to seek veterinary advice promptly.

Causes of Umbilical Hernias

Most umbilical hernias are congenital, meaning they result from an inherited failure of the umbilical ring to close properly during development. This defect creates a weakness in the abdominal muscle wall at the navel that can allow tissue to protrude. In some cases, trauma during birth — such as damage from the umbilical cord being torn too close to the abdomen — could cause a hernia, although this is less common.

Breeds at Higher Risk

While any dog can develop umbilical hernias, some breeds appear more predisposed, possibly due to hereditary factors. Breeds more prone to this condition include:

• Airedale Terrier puppies
• Basenji puppies
• Pekingese puppies
• English Bulldog puppies
• Weimaraner
• Pointer
• Beagle

Breeders should avoid using dogs with umbilical hernias for breeding programs to prevent passing the condition on to offspring, promoting responsible pet ownership.

Diagnosing Umbilical Hernias

A vet will usually diagnose an umbilical hernia through physical examination, palpating the swelling around the belly button. If the swelling is soft and reducible (able to be gently pushed back in), it is likely an uncomplicated hernia. In cases of suspected complications, imaging such as X-rays or an abdominal ultrasound may be recommended to check if any abdominal organs have become trapped in the opening.

Treatment Options

Small umbilical hernias in puppies can sometimes close on their own by the time the dog is around four to six months old, so vets may recommend observation if the hernia is not causing problems. However, if the hernia is large, persistent, or causing symptoms, surgical correction is advised.

Surgical repair involves returning any protruding tissue to the abdomen and closing the defect in the muscle wall. This procedure is usually straightforward and often performed when the dog is being neutered to reduce anaesthetic risk and cost.

It is important to neuter dogs with umbilical hernias to avoid hereditary transmission. Many veterinarians also recommend neutering as part of responsible dog ownership.

Conclusion

Umbilical hernias in dogs are typically a congenital condition resulting in a swelling or lump at the belly button. While many are harmless and may resolve naturally, it is vital to monitor your dog closely and seek veterinary guidance to rule out complications. Surgical treatment is successful and straightforward when needed, and neutering affected dogs helps prevent the condition being inherited.

Prompt diagnosis, responsible breeding decisions, and attentive care can ensure dogs with umbilical hernia lead happy, healthy lives.