Vertebral Fractures and Paralysis in Rabbits: Causes & Care

Rabbits are well-known for their strong and powerful hind legs, essential for hopping and swiftly escaping predators in the wild. However, this agility also comes with risks. One serious health concern for domestic rabbits is vertebral fractures, which can severely affect their mobility—often resulting in weakness or even paralysis of the hind limbs. Due to their delicate skeletal system, rabbits are prone to these injuries, especially when mishandled or stressed.

Impaired handling can cause twisting or fractures particularly around the base of the spine (sacrum), leading to significant trauma. This may result in loss of bladder and bowel control, compounding the challenges for both the rabbit and its owner. Rabbits for sale should always be handled with care to prevent such injuries.

Recognising Signs of a Vertebral Fracture in Your Rabbit

The symptoms can vary depending on how severe the fracture or dislocation is. Common indications include:

• An unusual stance or inability to hop properly
• Dragging or weakness of the back legs
• Difficulty or inability to sit up or stand
• Reduced movement or paralysis of hind limbs and tail
• Visible trauma to the spine or hind legs
• Lethargy or depression
• Incontinence or loss of bladder and bowel control
• Muscle wasting around the hindquarters
• Compensatory increased muscle tone in the front limbs
• Signs of pain or discomfort

Common Causes of Vertebral Fractures and Paralysis

Understanding why these fractures occur is key to prevention. Leading causes include:

• Improper Handling: Always support both the front and back legs when lifting rabbits. Holding just one set of legs may cause the animal to twist in panic, increasing fracture risk.
• Startle Reflexes: Rabbits are naturally skittish. Sudden loud noises or movements can trigger jerky reactions leading to spinal injuries.
• Accidental Trauma: Falls from heights or being dropped—often by children—are common causes of fracture. Today’s pet owners should educate family members on safe interactions and handling.

Diagnosing Spinal Injuries in Rabbits

Because symptoms like hind limb paralysis could be caused by various conditions, veterinary diagnosis starts with a thorough clinical exam. Vets often conduct spinal reflex tests and may take X-rays to confirm whether a vertebral fracture or luxation is present.

Providing the vet with detailed information about any trauma or incident leading to symptoms is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective care planning.

Other Causes of Hind Limb Paralysis

Besides fractures, rabbits may develop paralysis due to infections or neurological issues such as:

• Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection
• Central nervous system infections or lesions
• Metabolic conditions affecting nerve function
• Spinal cord damage from other causes

These require distinct diagnostic approaches and treatments, making veterinary evaluation essential for proper care.

Treatment and Care for Vertebral Fractures in Rabbits

Managing spinal fractures and paralysis is challenging and often intensive. Veterinary care typically involves keeping the rabbit in a calm, restricted environment with minimal movement to aid healing. At the clinic, rabbits receive careful nursing, including turning regularly to prevent pressure sores.

After discharge, owners play a critical role in the rabbit’s recovery by providing:

• Clean, frequently changed bedding to maintain hygiene
• A specialised diet designed to support healing and prevent frailty
• Assisted feeding if the rabbit cannot eat independently

Vets may prescribe gastrointestinal protectants to prevent ulcers and pain relief medication to ensure comfort during recovery. Antibiotics are only given if a secondary infection is present, mindful of responsible medicine use.

The prognosis depends largely on the fracture’s severity and the rabbit’s overall health. While some rabbits regain partial function, many remain paralysed in the hind limbs. Humane euthanasia may be the kindest option in cases where quality of life is poor.

Preventing Vertebral Fractures: Safe Handling Tips

Prevention is always better than cure. To safeguard your rabbit’s health and wellbeing:

• Always support both the hindquarters and front body when lifting or moving your rabbit.
• Teach children gentle interaction techniques such as petting while seated beside the rabbit rather than picking them up.
• Minimise stress and sudden loud noises around your rabbit’s environment.
• Provide secure, non-slippery surfaces where rabbits exercise to reduce accidental injuries.

By handling your pet responsibly, you reduce the risks of damaging injuries that lead to paralysis.

Summary: A Compassionate Approach to Rabbit Spinal Health

Vertebral fractures and paralysis in rabbits are distressing but preventable injuries requiring urgent veterinary intervention. Careful handling, early recognition of symptoms, and prompt professional treatment can improve outcomes. Remember, providing a safe, calm environment and compassionate care is essential to help your rabbit recover comfortably or, if necessary, prevent unnecessary suffering.