Vintage Dogs: Dogs in the 1940s and 1950s UK

Introduction

Dogs have been cherished companions for thousands of years, with over 8 million dogs now living alongside people in the UK. The 1940s and 1950s were fascinating decades for dogs, marked by their essential roles during wartime, rising breed popularity influenced by media, and advances in pet nutrition.

Dogs in War: Heroes of the 1940s

During World War II, dogs were valued protectors and helpers for troops. The organisation “Dogs for Defence” enlisted over 3,000 dogs from civilian breeders and trainers to serve as sentries guarding UK shores against invasion. These dogs also worked as mine detectors, trackers, and tunnelers, playing vital roles in hazardous conditions. Today, military dogs continue to provide loyalty and essential skills in challenging environments.

Famous Wartime Dogs

Several dogs from World War II earned lasting fame for their bravery and loyalty:

• "Nigger" was the black Labrador of Wing Commander Guy Gibson and mascot of 617 Squadron RAF. Tragically hit by a car shortly before the famous Dam Busters raid, he appeared in the 1955 film "The Dam Busters". Due to changing cultural sensitivities, his name has since been replaced with "Trigger" in some releases.
• "Chips" was a mixed-breed German Shepherd-Collie-Husky, the most decorated war dog of WWII. After serving in multiple campaigns, Chips received several military honours, though official commendations to animals were later revoked.
• "Judy" was a Pointer who survived as a WWII prisoner of war, aiding her shipmates during maritime disasters. Awarded the Dickin Medal, Judy is one of the bravest dogs recognised for her service.
• "Blondi", Adolf Hitler's German Shepherd, was used in propaganda portraying him as an animal lover. Her death remains a somber footnote to the era.

Wartime Dog Care and Nutrition

Food rationing made feeding pets challenging during the war. Authorities warned against giving pets food meant for humans. The RSPCA advised emergency recipes using greens, stale bread or oatmeal mixed with gravy made from bones or scraps, supplemented with fish oil for flavour. Encouraging alternatives to destruction, experts feared that losing pets would cause rodent plagues.

Post-War Advances: Commercial Dog Food in the 1950s

The pet food industry evolved significantly after the war. James Spratt's invention of the dog biscuit in 1860 was the first commercial pet food. By the 1930s, canned pet foods appeared but ceased during WWII due to metal rationing.

By 1946, dry pet foods, namely biscuits and pellets, dominated 85% of the market. When the economy recovered in the 1950s, innovations like Purina's extrusion process produced lighter, more expanded kibble that offered convenience and better value.

Popular Dog Breeds of the 1940s and 1950s

Media and culture had a strong influence on breed popularity in these decades.

• The Rough Collie became an icon through "Pal", the male Collie who portrayed "Lassie" in films and TV from the 1940s onwards. His long career helped make Collies a household favourite.
• Breed popularity in America during the 1940s was led by the Cocker Spaniel, boosted by celebrity films and shows. By the 1950s, the Beagle surged to the top, helped by “Snoopy” in 1950’s comic strips.
• Other breeds popular in the UK and US included the German Shepherd, Cairn Terrier, Basset Hound, Dalmatians, as well as Cocker Spaniels, Boston and Scottish Terriers, and Staffordshire Bull Terriers.

Space Pioneer Dog: Laika

In 1957, Laika, a dog launched aboard the Soviet Sputnik 2, became the first living creature to orbit Earth — a pioneer whose sacrifice marked the dawn of space exploration, though sadly she did not survive the journey.

Responsible Ownership and Legacy

Every dog today deserves respect and care, whether a wartime hero, a famous star, or a beloved pet. The practical values of the 1940s and 1950s around animal care remind us of responsible ownership. The Petplan Census 2011 indicated concerns about pets today being spoilt or acquired as status symbols, highlighting the importance of ethical breeding and genuine companionship.

When considering adding a dog to your family, seek reputable breeders or trusted adoption options. Celebrate the history of our canine friends while ensuring their well-being for the future.

Summary

The 1940s and 1950s were transformative decades for dogs in the UK and worldwide — witness to heroic service, evolving pet care, and cultural influences shaping breed popularity. Embracing the era's down-to-earth values helps us appreciate dogs as lifelong companions and respect their essential roles in history and our lives.