Vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs: causes, care and treatment

Vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs are common signs of digestive upset caused by irritation or inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often referred to as gastroenteritis. These symptoms can arise from eating unsuitable foods, sudden dietary changes, infections, parasites, toxins, stress, medication side effects, or ingestion of foreign objects.

Recognising Vomiting and Diarrhoea in Dogs

• Nausea signs: increased drooling, lip licking, or excessive swallowing before vomiting
• Vomit observation: note colour, volume, frequency, and time since last meal
• Diarrhoea characteristics: assess colour, consistency, and presence of blood

Common Causes of Vomiting and Diarrhoea

Causes include dietary indiscretion such as eating spoiled or inappropriate food, sudden dietary changes, infections (viral, bacterial or parasitic), poisons or toxins, pancreatitis, medication side effects, or chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Puppies, elderly dogs, and those with compromised immune systems may be more vulnerable.

In particular, puppies are at risk of infectious diseases like parvovirus, which is a serious and contagious viral infection causing severe vomiting and diarrhoea. Vaccination is key to prevention.

Home Care for Vomiting and Diarrhoea

If your dog is alert, responsive, and there is no blood in vomit or faeces, you can often manage mild cases at home by:

• Not starving your dog: The gut requires food to promote healing, so continue feeding small amounts of a highly digestible diet
• Feeding small frequent meals: For example, a bland diet of boiled rice or potato with cooked white fish, chicken, or egg, in a ⅓ protein to ⅔ carbohydrate ratio
• Hydration: Ensure constant access to fresh, clean water to prevent dehydration, as fluid losses increase with vomiting and diarrhoea
• Using supplements wisely: Canine probiotics and electrolyte powders can support digestive health when used as per instructions
• Monitor closely: Keep a diary of symptoms including vomiting frequency, stool consistency, and appetite changes
• Regular parasite checks: For dogs that scavenge or eat poultry, regular faecal analysis and deworming helps prevent parasitic infections

Suggested Feeding Schedule During Recovery

• Day 1: Feed 50% of the recommended daily amount divided into 6-8 small portions
• Day 2-3: Increase to 75% divided into 4-6 portions
• Day 4-5: Return to 100% in 3-4 portions
• Gradually reintroduce the regular diet once your dog's stools and appetite have normalised for a couple of days

Treatment and Veterinary Care

Dehydration from vomiting and diarrhoea is a serious concern; severe dehydration can cause shock and organ damage. Veterinary care includes blood tests to monitor hydration, blood cells, organ function, and electrolytes, along with diagnostic imaging if ingestion of foreign bodies is suspected.

Treatment typically involves fluid replacement, a bland diet, anti-nausea medications, pain relief, antacids, and probiotics. Antibiotics are rarely recommended unless there is clear evidence of bacterial infection in the bloodstream.

When to Contact Your Vet

• Blood present in vomit or stools, or stools are very dark/black
• Persistent vomiting beyond 3-4 days despite home care; seek sooner for puppies or older dogs
• Lethargy, severe weakness, refusal to eat or drink
• Signs of dehydration such as sunken eyes or sticky gums
• Suspected ingestion of foreign objects that may cause blockage
• Abdominal pain or swelling noticed
• Recurrent episodes of vomiting or diarrhoea

Still Worried? Professional Help is Available

If you remain concerned about your dog's condition, booking a video appointment with a qualified vet can provide reassurance and further guidance.

Summary

Vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs range from common, mild digestive upsets to serious health conditions. Careful monitoring, supportive home care with hydration and diet management, and timely veterinary assessment for concerning signs can ensure your dog recovers safely and comfortably.