West Highland Terrier Longevity & Hereditary Health Guide

The West Highland terrier, commonly known as the Westie, is a beloved Scottish dog breed well recognised for its bright, inquisitive nature and lively spirit. Though classed as a medium-sized terrier, the Westie is small in stature and enjoys widespread popularity throughout the UK and worldwide.

Standing up to 11” tall at the withers and weighing up to 20lb, West Highland terriers typically show slight size variation between males and females. Their deep chests, sturdy muscular legs, and bright almond-shaped eyes create a characteristic alert and spirited appearance.

Their iconic double white coat consists of a coarse top layer and a dense, soft undercoat, designed to keep them warm. The facial fur grows longer, adding to their distinctive frilled muzzle. For show dogs, adult Westies often receive hand-stripping grooming to reveal their softer undercoats.

Before deciding to add a Westie to your family, it's vital to research the breed's lifespan and hereditary health conditions. This guide explores these essentials, helping prospective owners make informed decisions and promoting responsible, ethical ownership.

West Highland Terrier Lifespan

West Highland terriers generally live between 12 and 16 years, a generous lifespan compared to many small breeds. A typical pet might expect to reach 13 to 15 years when given proper care. Genetic disposition, nutrition, exercise, and routine veterinary check-ups all play crucial roles in longevity.

Understanding Genetic Diversity and Breed Conformation

The breed benefits from a relatively low coefficient of inbreeding at around 5.6%, below the usual 6.25% threshold for pedigree dogs, suggesting robust genetic diversity and a healthier population overall. Physically, Westies are compact, strong, and well balanced without signs of extreme conformation that might compromise their health.

Health Testing and Hereditary Conditions

Responsible breeding guided by The Kennel Club and the British Veterinary Association recommends pre-breeding health screening for known hereditary issues. This helps lessen disease prevalence and supports the breed's long-term health.

Tests available to West Highland terriers include:

• Ophthalmic screening for hereditary cataracts, multiple ocular anomalies, and persistent pupillary membrane.
• DNA testing for globoid cell leukodystrophy (also known as Krabbe disease), a severe neurological enzyme deficiency causing progressive symptoms and premature death.
• DNA testing for pyruvate kinase deficiency, which can lead to haemolytic anaemia and exercise intolerance.

Other Health Concerns to Monitor

Beyond hereditary conditions, Westies face risks from several other health issues that are not always detectable by standard testing but warrant owner awareness and veterinary vigilance, including:

• Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease), a hormone deficiency.
• Various cancers such as cutaneous histiocytoma and basal cell tumours.
• Sick sinus syndrome affecting heart rhythm.
• Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, a painful hip joint disorder manifesting in young dogs.
• Westie lung disease (pulmonary fibrosis), causing lung scarring.
• Cataracts and dental abnormalities, including issues with lower jaw development and craniomandibular osteopathy (jawbone overgrowth).
• Skin conditions such as demodicosis (mite sensitivity), atopic dermatitis, patellar luxation, atopy (protein hypersensitivity), and dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca).

Promoting a Long, Healthy Life for Your Westie

Owners can optimise their West Highland terrier’s lifespan by providing:

• A balanced, nutritious diet suited to small terrier needs.
• Regular physical exercise to support fitness and mental stimulation.
• Consistent veterinary care, including screening and early treatment of hereditary or acquired diseases.
• Maintaining good grooming routines to keep skin and coat healthy.

Proactive health management and choosing a reputable breeder who engages in recommended health testing are key to preventing hereditary disease and ensuring a lifetime of companionship with your Westie.

Questions Breed Buyers Often Ask

What is the average lifespan of a West Highland terrier?

Quick Answer: Westies typically live 12 to 16 years, with many reaching 13-15 years under attentive care.

This longevity is notable among small breeds, reflecting their hardy constitution. Genetics, diet, exercise, and veterinary supervision directly influence individual lifespan.

Are there common hereditary health issues in Westies?

Quick Answer: Yes, conditions like Westie jaw (craniomandibular osteopathy), hyperplastic dermatosis, globoid cell leukodystrophy, and pyruvate kinase deficiency are known hereditary problems.

Responsible breeders test for these conditions and avoid breeding affected dogs, helping reduce incidence within the breed. Owners should watch for early signs and maintain regular vet visits.

How can I find a healthy West Highland terrier puppy?

Quick Answer: Seek West Highland Terrier breeders who perform recommended health tests and follow ethical breeding practices.

Buying from reputable breeders using screening ensures your puppy has the best chance of a long, healthy life. Avoid purchasing from unverified sources to protect your pet’s future wellbeing.

Summary and Responsible Ownership

The West Highland terrier is a charming, sturdy breed with a lifespan that can extend well into their teens. Their generally robust health, combined with proactive health testing and responsible breeding, supports their longevity. Owners committed to good nutrition, exercise, and veterinary care will help Westies live happy, fulfilling lives.

Choosing a puppy or adult Westie from a reputable source, such as reputable breeders, ensures you contribute to preserving breed health and enjoy many years of loyal companionship.