Dog Pheromones: What They Are & Why They Matter

Pheromones are chemical substances released naturally by animals including dogs to communicate important messages to others of their species. These scent signals, undetectable to humans, carry information ranging from territory marking and mating readiness to mood and stress level. Understanding dog pheromones helps pet owners better respond to their canine companions’ needs and behaviours.

What Are Dog Pheromones and How Do Dogs Detect Them?

Dogs produce pheromones through glands located on their bodies, as well as in urine and secretions. These chemical messages are detected by a specialised organ inside their nose and mouth called the vomeronasal organ (VNO). When exposed to pheromones, dogs may show the Flehmen response — a lip-curling behaviour that helps them better sense these signals. This natural system is essential for dogs to navigate social interactions, find mates, and feel secure.

1. Communication and Social Signalling

Pheromones are a fundamental language dogs use to communicate with each other. For example, females in season (on heat) emit specific pheromones to attract males. Dogs also mark territory with pheromones in their urine to warn others to keep away and prevent conflict. Behaviour such as excitement or defensiveness when other dogs approach often results from pheromone detection signalling a boundary.

2. Emotional Regulation and Calming

In addition to social cues, pheromones influence a dog’s emotional state. Mother dogs release appeasing pheromones to comfort their puppies. Synthetic versions of these, called dog appeasing pheromones, are used in products to calm dogs experiencing stress such as separation anxiety or loud noises like fireworks. These products can help reduce undesirable behaviours by promoting a sense of safety and relaxation.

3. Helping with Unwanted Marking and Anxiety at Home

Some dogs may urinate indoors or exhibit anxious behaviour such as whining when left alone. Spraying pheromone products on areas the dog has marked can signal to them that the territory is already claimed, discouraging repeated marking. These pheromone solutions are odourless to humans and offer a gentle way to manage behaviour without harsh training methods.

4. Reducing Stress During Travel and in Carriers

Many dogs feel nervous when placed in carriers or during travel. Applying pheromone sprays inside the carrier about 20 minutes beforehand can help your dog recognise the space as safe, making journeys to the vet or holidays less stressful. This helps the dog to associate the carrier with calmness, alleviating travel-related anxiety.

5. Easing Puppy Anxiety at Night

It is common for young puppies to whine or scratch at their crate overnight due to feelings of insecurity. Using pheromone sprays around the sleeping area or inside crates mimics the comfort puppies receive from their mother. This helps them settle, sleep well, and feel secure so that both puppy and owner can enjoy peaceful nights.

6. Calming Fearful Reactions to Loud Noises

Loud noises such as thunderstorms or fireworks can provoke fear and trembling in dogs. Pheromone diffusers or sprays placed in the room, combined with your presence to reassure your dog, can effectively soothe these anxieties. These products help your dog regain composure and reduce stress symptoms without medication.

7. Supporting Nervous Rescue Dogs

Rescue dogs may take longer to feel at home due to past traumas. Adding pheromone liquids to their drinking water, alongside pheromone diffusers, can gradually help these dogs feel safer and more relaxed in their new environment. This holistic approach fosters a smoother transition and emotional wellbeing for adopted dogs.

Responsible Use and Choosing Products

While pheromone products offer a natural and safe aid, consulting your vet or an animal behaviourist before use is recommended to select the right product and rule out any health concerns. Responsible use alongside training and environmental enrichment ensures the best outcomes for your dog’s mental health and happiness.

Conclusion

Pheromones are vital chemical signals dogs naturally produce to communicate social cues, regulate emotions, and mark territory. Modern pheromone-based products harness these natural signals to help calm anxious dogs, manage unwanted behaviours, and support nervous puppies or rescue dogs. When used correctly and recommended by professionals, dog pheromones are a valuable tool in nurturing happier, well-adjusted canine companions.

For anyone exploring ways to help their dog feel calmer or more secure, understanding and using pheromones responsibly can make a significant positive difference in your pet's quality of life.

To responsibly acquire a dog, consider finding a puppy from reputable breeders or adoption centres. Learn more about how to find a puppy and the benefits of ethical ownership to provide a loving home for your new companion.