What Are Dog Dewclaws? Care, Problems & Removal Guide

Dewclaws are small claws found on the inside of a dog's front legs, higher up than the other toes so they do not touch the ground when walking or standing. While most dogs have these on their front legs, certain breeds may also have dewclaws on their back legs, sometimes even double dewclaws on the hind limbs. Dewclaws are evolutionary remnants similar to human thumbs but are not opposable nor essential for walking or running. For example, some working breeds use their dewclaws to help grip bones or climb rugged terrain, though many dogs rarely use them at all.

Understanding your dog's dewclaws and their health is important for responsible pet care. In this guide, you'll learn about dewclaw function, common issues, how to care for them, and when veterinary removal may be advised.

The Evolutionary Origin and Function of Dewclaws in Dogs

Dewclaws are thought to be vestigial digits inherited from ancestors of modern dogs that lived about 40 million years ago. These early canines needed extra toes to climb trees or grasp prey. As modern dogs evolved to be ground hunters, dewclaws lost their key roles but persist as small claws higher up the leg.

Unlike human thumbs, dewclaws do not move independently but can provide minor additional grip. Front dewclaws are usually firmly attached by bones and ligaments, providing stability; rear dewclaws tend to be more flexible and sometimes loosely attached just by skin.

In some breeds, such as the Cockapoo puppies or others that navigate rough terrain, dewclaws may be more prominent or functionally useful. However, many dogs do not actively use their dewclaws in daily activities.

Common Problems Associated with Dewclaws

Although dewclaws serve little vital purpose, they may sometimes cause issues similar to wisdom teeth in humans. The size and prominence of dewclaws vary widely between dogs: in some, they are small and close to the leg; in others, they may protrude noticeably.

If a dog has a narrow chest and the dewclaws on their front legs are large, the claws might rub or catch on objects or even each other, leading to sores, tears, or painful wounds. Dewclaws can catch on bedding, collars, or objects during head scratching, causing tears that bleed heavily.

Long dewclaws that are not worn down naturally may grow inward, pressing into the skin and potentially causing infections, abscesses, or ingrown nails. This can be painful and require prompt veterinary care to avoid complications.

How to Care for Your Dog’s Dewclaws Responsibly

Regular examination of your dog's dewclaws helps maintain their health and prevent common problems. Because dewclaws do not touch the ground, they do not wear down like the main nails and can become overgrown.

When trimming your dog's nails, include the dewclaws carefully, avoiding the quick (the sensitive living part inside the nail). Ensure the dewclaws are not growing at odd angles or protruding too much, which could cause snagging or injury.

Keeping dewclaws trimmed and clean reduces the risk of tears, infections, and discomfort. If unsure about safe nail trimming, your vet or a professional groomer can assist. Developing comfort with dewclaw care early helps build your dog's tolerance.

When Is Dewclaw Removal Necessary?

Dewclaw removal is a surgical procedure performed under general anaesthetic and should only be considered when there is a clear medical reason. If a dewclaw is injured, severely malformed, or grows in a way that makes injury likely, your vet may recommend removal to prevent pain and complications.

For many working breeds or those prone to dewclaw problems, removal may sometimes be done when the dog is neutered or spayed, if assessed at a young age. However, dewclaws should not be removed routinely as they still provide some minor grip and potential utility.

Before opting for dewclaw removal, consult your vet to weigh the benefits and risks. Most dogs live healthy lives with intact dewclaws, and removal is reserved for cases where problems are evident or strongly anticipated.

Additional Tips for Responsible Dog Care

• Regularly inspect all paws, including dewclaws, for signs of injury, swelling, or infection.
• Trim your dog’s nails, including dewclaws, every few weeks or as advised by your vet.
• Introduce nail trimming gently to puppies to make the experience low stress.
• Seek veterinary advice promptly if your dog shows signs of discomfort or if a dewclaw seems injured.
• Consider adopting a dog from reputable breeders or shelters who provide health checks and proper upbringing.

Knowing about dewclaws improves your understanding of your dog's anatomy and helps you provide better care. The right approach balances respect for natural anatomy with vigilant prevention of problems.