Common Health Conditions Affecting Pugs in 2025

The pug is adored across the UK for its charming personality and distinctive appearance. However, prospective and current pug owners must recognise the breed's unique health challenges and commit to responsible ownership, which includes selecting Pug puppies from reputable breeders. This helps reduce genetic and congenital health issues and ensures a better quality of life for these loving companions.

Here, we detail the most common health conditions affecting pugs in 2025, along with practical tips for prevention and early intervention.

1. Obesity

Obesity remains the most widespread health issue in pugs, often exacerbated by their love for food and relatively low activity levels. Excess weight can worsen breathing difficulties, joint problems, and reduce lifespan.

Prevention Tips:

• Feed a balanced, portion-controlled diet tailored to your pug’s needs.
• Encourage daily moderate exercise such as short walks and interactive play.
• Monitor weight regularly and seek veterinary advice to maintain a healthy body condition.

2. Corneal Disorders

Due to their prominent, large eyes, pugs are prone to corneal ulcers and injuries. The skin folds and flattened face conformation can increase risks of eye irritation and infection.

Prevention Tips:

• Clean around the eyes gently and regularly to prevent debris buildup.
• Avoid environments with potential eye irritants and observe for redness or discharge.
• Seek prompt veterinary care if eye trauma or discomfort occurs.

3. Ear Infections and Disorders

Pugs’ folded ears create a warm, moist environment favourable to ear infections, including otitis externa, which causes pain and discomfort.

Prevention Tips:

• Regular ear cleaning with vet-approved solutions, particularly after swimming or bathing.
• Keep ears dry and monitor for signs like scratching, head shaking, or unpleasant odours.
• Consult your vet promptly at the first signs of infection.

4. Anal Gland Impactions

The naturally curled tail and anatomy of the pug can predispose to blocked or inflamed anal glands leading to discomfort and secondary infections.

Prevention Tips:

• Schedule regular anal gland expressions by a vet or trained professional.
• Provide a high-fibre diet to ensure proper stool consistency.
• Watch for excessive scooting or tail licking and seek veterinary advice if noticed.

5. Periodontal Disease

The flat face and crowded teeth typical of pugs increase the risk of dental disease, including painful periodontal infections.

Prevention Tips:

• Brush your pug’s teeth daily using a dog-specific toothpaste.
• Arrange regular veterinary dental examinations and professional cleanings as recommended.
• Use dental chews or toys designed to maintain oral hygiene.

6. Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)

BOAS is the critical respiratory condition in pugs, caused by their flat faces and narrow nostrils. It results in breathing difficulties, excessive snoring, heat intolerance, and exercise challenges.

Research shows pugs are significantly more prone to BOAS compared to other breeds. Recognising the condition early is crucial for timely interventions.

Prevention Tips:

• Avoid strenuous activities, especially in hot weather, and prevent overheating.
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce respiratory strain.
• Consult a vet for diagnosis and management; surgery may be necessary in severe cases.

Note: From 2025, The Kennel Club mandates respiratory function grading for pugs entering dog shows as part of breed health improvement initiatives.

7. Vomiting and Digestive Issues

Vomiting in pugs can arise from dietary indiscretions, allergies, infections, or chronic gastrointestinal conditions. Maintaining digestive health is key to preventing discomfort and illness.

Prevention Tips:

• Feed a consistent, high-quality diet formulated for pugs or small breeds.
• Keep harmful foods and non-food items out of reach.
• Monitor for recurrent vomiting and consult your vet promptly.

Responsible Ownership and Choosing Reputable Breeders

To mitigate many health risks, responsible pug ownership starts with selecting puppies from breeders committed to health screening and ethical breeding practices. This includes screening for genetic diseases and prioritising moderate facial features to reduce BOAS and ocular problems.

Platforms like Pets4Homes UK offer listings of pug puppies from reputable breeders dedicated to improving breed health.

Early and regular veterinary care, alongside proper diet, exercise, grooming, and monitoring, gives your pug the best chance of a happy and healthy life.

This affectionate breed deserves homes filled with understanding and commitment to their special needs.