Managing Arthritis in Older Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Care

Arthritis is a common condition affecting older dogs, causing joint pain and mobility issues. Having a clear understanding of arthritis — especially osteoarthritis, the most prevalent form — can empower you to effectively manage your dog’s condition, ensuring a better quality of life. This guide covers causes, symptoms, treatment options, and common myths about exercising arthritic dogs.

Understanding Arthritis in Older Dogs

Arthritis is primarily a degenerative joint disease characterised by the breakdown of cartilage that cushions the joints. While it most often affects senior dogs, younger dogs can also develop arthritis due to injuries or congenital joint issues like hip or elbow dysplasia.

Other less common types include immune-mediated arthritis, where the immune system wrongly attacks joint tissues, and septic arthritis caused by joint infection.

What Causes Arthritis in Older Dogs?

Osteoarthritis develops due to wear and tear on joint cartilage over time, but it’s often accelerated by factors such as:

• Obesity: Excess weight places extra strain on joints, hastening cartilage wear.
• Joint injuries: Trauma like fractures or ligament tears can predispose joints to arthritis.
• Congenital disorders: Abnormal joint development in conditions like hip dysplasia increases early stress on joints.
• Metabolic and infectious diseases: Conditions like Lyme disease, diabetes, or Cushing’s disease can contribute to joint deterioration.

Certain large breeds are more prone to developing arthritis due to their size and joint stress.

Recognising Symptoms of Arthritis in Your Dog

Early arthritis signs can be subtle, so look closely for symptoms such as:

• Stiffness or limping after rest, especially in the morning
• Reluctance to exercise or jump into cars or onto furniture
• Shuffling gait or unusual hopping movements
• Reduced range of joint motion and increased tiredness
• Periods of lameness or favouring one leg

As arthritis advances, pain and mobility issues become more pronounced, impacting your dog's overall happiness.

Effective Management and Treatment Options

While arthritis cannot be cured, veterinary care focuses on reducing pain and inflammation, improving joint function, and slowing disease progression. A multimodal approach is recommended:

• Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce pain promptly, and in severe cases, stronger analgesics or steroids may be prescribed under vet supervision.
• Supplements: Nutraceuticals containing glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega fatty acids support cartilage health and reduce inflammation; however, they require consistent use for weeks before effects are noticeable.
• Weight management: Maintaining your dog's ideal weight significantly decreases joint load and discomfort.
• Environmental adaptations: Provide cosy, warm bedding, avoid cold floors and draughts, and use ramps to reduce jumping stress.
• Physical rehabilitation: Controlled exercise, hydrotherapy, and physiotherapy help keep joints supple and muscles strong.
• Surgery: In some cases, joint replacement or corrective surgery may be recommended.

Debunking Exercise Myths for Arthritic Dogs

A widespread misconception is that dogs with arthritis should avoid exercise altogether. On the contrary, regular, low-impact activity is crucial to maintain joint health and mental well-being. Consider:

• Short, gentle walks starting at 5-10 minutes, gradually adjusted to your dog’s tolerance
• Swimming or underwater treadmill sessions to minimise joint stress
• Range-of-motion stretching and strengthening exercises advised by veterinary professionals

During flare-ups, reduce activity and focus on pain management, resuming gentle exercise as comfort allows. Always observe your dog's responses and consult your vet for personalised exercise plans.

Practical Home Care Strategies

Helping your arthritic dog at home involves small but impactful changes:

• Keep bedding warm, cushioned, and in draught-free locations
• Use rugs to prevent slipping on hardwood or tile floors
• Provide ramps or steps to reduce jumps onto furniture and into vehicles
• Ensure easy access to food, water, and favourite resting spots
• Monitor and maintain healthy body weight

These adjustments contribute to comfort and ease mobility challenges.

When to See the Vet

If you notice stiffness, reluctance to move, limping, or behavioural changes in your older dog, seek veterinary advice promptly. Early diagnosis and a well-managed treatment plan can greatly enhance your dog’s comfort and longevity.

Arthritis is a manageable condition, not an end to an active and happy life. With current veterinary advances and a caring approach, older dogs living with arthritis can continue to enjoy many fulfilling years with their families.