What is Von Willebrand's Disease in Dogs? A Complete Guide
Von Willebrand's Disease (vWD) is an inherited blood clotting disorder in dogs that affects their ability to stop bleeding due to a deficiency or abnormality in the von Willebrand Factor (vWF), a crucial protein that helps blood platelets clump together to heal wounds. This condition is similar to haemophilia in humans and, if unmanaged, can lead to serious health concerns.
Understanding Von Willebrand's Disease in Dogs
vWD is a congenital disorder where the dog's blood lacks sufficient vWF. This deficiency causes prolonged or excessive bleeding when injured. There are three recognised types:
- Type 1: The most common and mildest form, with reduced vWF levels.
- Type 2: Abnormal vWF is present, affecting clotting efficiency.
- Type 3: The rare and most severe form, with almost no vWF, leading to significant bleeding risks.
Although dogs with vWD may live normal lives, awareness and proper management are essential for their well-being.
Symptoms to Watch Out For
This disease often first shows in puppies, but many cases are diagnosed when dogs undergo routine surgeries such as neutering. If your dog is predisposed or displays symptoms, you should observe for:
- Unexpected or spontaneous nosebleeds
- Blood in faeces or urine
- Bleeding gums that do not stop
- Excessive bleeding from vaginal discharge in bitches
- Unexplained bruising on the skin
- Prolonged bleeding after injury or surgery
- Signs of anaemia such as lethargy due to blood loss
If any of these are seen, even mildly, consult your vet promptly for diagnosis and advice.
Diagnosing Von Willebrand's Disease
Your vet will start with a full physical examination and a review of your dog's history, especially regarding any unusual bleeding episodes. Laboratory tests help confirm the diagnosis, including:
- Complete blood count (CBC) to detect anaemia or clotting abnormalities
- Urinalysis for blood presence
- Specialised coagulation tests measuring von Willebrand Factor levels and function
Early diagnosis is key to managing vWD and reducing health risks.
Treatment Options
Many dogs with vWD live symptom-free and do not require routine treatment. Situations needing intervention include surgeries or serious injuries causing blood loss. Treatment approaches include:
- Blood transfusions where a compatible donor is available
- Use of blood replacement products and supplemental clotting factors
- Medications like desmopressin (DDAVP) that temporarily raise vWF levels
- Supportive care tailored to the dog's condition and severity
Always work closely with your vet to plan any necessary medical care.
Living with and Managing vWD in Dogs
Dogs with mild to moderate von Willebrand's Disease usually live fulfilling lives with minimal restrictions. In severe cases, owners should closely monitor their dog's activities and avoid situations that may lead to injury. Emergency care is vital if spontaneous bleeding or trauma occurs. Responsible breeding practices are essential to reduce the incidence of vWD in future generations.
Breeds Prone to Von Willebrand's Disease
The condition is more common in certain breeds, including:
- Basset Hound puppies
- Doberman Pinscher puppies
- German Shepherd puppies
- German Short-haired Pointer puppies
- Golden Retriever puppies
- Rottweiler puppies
- Schnauzer puppies
- Scottish Terrier puppies
- Shetland Sheepdog puppies
- Standard Poodle puppies
If you're considering adding any of these breeds to your family, seek out reputable breeders who test for hereditary conditions like vWD to promote responsible pet ownership and long-term health.
Prevention and Responsible Breeding
As vWD is a hereditary condition, prevention lies primarily in ethical breeding practices. Responsible breeders test their breeding dogs for von Willebrand's Disease to avoid passing it to puppies. If you own a dog diagnosed with vWD, do not breed from them and inform your vet accordingly. For owners, being well-informed about vWD and maintaining regular veterinary check-ups can help manage and mitigate risks associated with the condition.
