Feline Coronavirus & FIP in UK Cats: Symptoms & Prevention 2025

Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is widespread in UK cats, especially in multi-cat homes and shelters. This updated 2025 guide explains FCoV and its severe complication, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). You'll learn how to recognise symptoms, understand diagnosis, and apply prevention with responsible cat care and ethical breeding.

Understanding Feline Coronavirus and FIP in UK Cats

FCoV spreads primarily via the faecal-oral route—through contaminated litter trays, grooming, or shared bowls. Infection rates are nearly 100% in crowded catteries, with about 50% of UK pet cats carrying the virus asymptomatically. A mutation of FCoV within some cats, often kittens aged four to twelve months, leads to FIP, a serious immune-mediated disease.

Certain pedigree breeds including British Shorthair kittens, Ragdoll kittens, Maine Coon kittens, and Bengal kittens are genetically more vulnerable. Stressful environments and overcrowding increase mutation risks.

FIP is not contagious between cats. It results from a mutation inside an individual cat, with genetics playing a substantial role; over half of susceptibility is inherited. Ethical breeders carefully avoid using cats with FIP history to lower future risks.

Recent veterinary advances in the UK have introduced antiviral drugs such as remdesivir and GS-441524, transforming FIP treatment. Administered under veterinary supervision for an 84-day course, these therapies achieve remission in approximately 85% of early diagnosed cases, offering hope for a condition once considered fatal.

Recognising Symptoms of Feline Coronavirus and FIP

Typical Signs of Feline Coronavirus Infection

• Occasional mild diarrhoea
• Intermittent reduced appetite
• Episodes of lethargy
• Minor respiratory signs like sneezing or nasal discharge

Many cats shed the virus without illness, so strong hygiene practices protect others effectively.

Symptoms Indicative of FIP Development

• Persistent fever not responding to antibiotics
• Weight loss and decreased appetite
• Abdominal swelling or laboured breathing from fluid build-up (“wet” FIP)
• Neurological signs or eye inflammation without fluid (“dry” FIP)

Any signs of FIP warrant immediate veterinary evaluation for prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Accurate Diagnosis of Feline Coronavirus and FIP

Diagnosis of FCoV typically uses faecal PCR tests to detect viral RNA. Diagnosing FIP is more complex, involving multiple methods as no single test confirms it alone:

• Detailed clinical history and physical exams
• Blood tests assessing protein levels and coronavirus antibodies
• Analysis of chest or abdominal fluid samples
• Imaging such as ultrasound or X-rays to detect fluid or organ changes
• Tissue biopsy and histopathology for definitive cases

UK vet guidelines strongly recommend combined diagnostics to ensure reliable treatment planning.

7 Essential Prevention Steps for Multi-Cat Environments

Step 1: Limit Cat Numbers

Keep fewer than five cats per room to reduce stress and viral exposure, lowering mutation risk.

Step 2: Maintain Impeccable Litter Tray Hygiene

• Provide one litter tray per cat plus an extra to avoid sharing
• Clean trays at least twice daily using vet-approved disinfectants like diluted bleach and hot water
• Select low-dust, non-clumping litter to reduce airborne particles
• Place litter trays away from feeding zones to prevent contamination

Step 3: Assign Individual Feeding and Drinking Bowls

Use separate bowls for each cat, cleaned regularly to decrease virus transmission.

Step 4: Quarantine New Cats for 14 Days

Isolate new arrivals under veterinary guidance for two weeks to monitor virus shedding and safeguard others.

Step 5: Minimise Environmental Stress

Maintain steady cat groups without overcrowding or sudden changes to reduce mutation chances.

Step 6: Promote Responsible and Ethical Breeding

Select kittens from reputable breeders who screen for FCoV, keep breeding groups small, and prioritise kitten welfare to minimise infection risks.

Step 7: Stay Informed on Treatment Options

Vaccines for FCoV are not widely used or licensed in the UK due to inconsistent efficacy. Antivirals like GS-441524 and remdesivir offer effective treatment when started early under a vet's care.

Common Questions About Feline Coronavirus and FIP

What is feline coronavirus and how does it spread?

Quick Answer: Feline coronavirus is common in cats, spreading mainly through faecal contamination, especially in multi-cat environments. Maintaining excellent hygiene is vital to reduce viral transmission.

Can cats live normal lives with feline coronavirus?

Quick Answer: Yes, most infected cats remain healthy without symptoms, but a small number develop FIP.

What are the latest treatment options for FIP in 2025?

Quick Answer: Oral GS-441524 and injectable remdesivir have revolutionised FIP treatment, leading to remission in over 85% of early diagnosed cases.

How can I protect my British Shorthair kitten from FCoV?

Quick Answer: Choose British Shorthair kittens from ethical breeders who screen for FCoV and provide low-stress, hygienic environments to lower infection risk.

Is FIP contagious between cats?

Quick Answer: No, FIP arises from a mutation in an individual cat and does not spread from cat to cat.

When can kittens safely leave their mother?

Quick Answer: Kittens should stay with their mother until at least 12 weeks old to ensure proper social and immune development.

What should I ask when buying a kitten?

Quick Answer: Ask about parental FCoV testing, socialisation, vaccination history, breeder support, and arrange to meet the kitten and its mother to confirm well-being.

Promoting Responsible Cat Ownership and Ethical Breeding

Responsible cat ownership includes limiting cat numbers, maintaining thorough hygiene, reducing stress, neutering to avoid unwanted litters, and regular vet checks. Ethical breeders maintain small, clean catteries with health screening and focus on kitten welfare to reduce FCoV and FIP risk.

Conclusion

Feline coronavirus is common among UK cats, but the chance of severe FIP can be reduced with good hygiene, stress management, and carefully controlled environments. Veterinary progress in early diagnosis and antivirals has transformed FIP outcomes, offering hope to owners and cats alike.

Choosing reputable breeders and keeping calm, well-managed homes is essential, especially for vulnerable breeds like British Shorthair, Ragdoll, Maine Coon, and Bengal cats. For trusted advice and finding kittens, always choose reputable breeders.