King Charles Spaniel vs Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: Key Differences

The very similarly-named King Charles spaniel and Cavalier King Charles spaniel are distinct dog breeds with a shared origin but distinctive traits. If you are choosing your next pet or simply want to understand their differences better, this in-depth guide will help.

The origins of the two breeds

The King Charles spaniel and Cavalier King Charles spaniel trace their roots back to toy spaniels owned by royalty in the UK, dating as far back as the 1500s. Queen Mary I had toy spaniels, and King Charles II was especially known in the 17th century for his fondness for these dogs, which gave rise to their names.

Originally, during the 1800s and early 1900s, the breeds were considered the same. However, breeders preferred a shorter muzzle and a more domed head for the King Charles spaniel, which diverged from the longer muzzled toy spaniel types depicted in historical paintings. In the 1920s, enthusiasts seeking to preserve the longer muzzle and traditional appearance of these spaniels established this line as the Cavalier King Charles spaniel breed.

Today, these two are officially separate breeds recognised by the UK Kennel Club.

Physical appearance and size

The Cavalier King Charles spaniel is slightly larger, typically weighing up to 8.2kg, compared with the King Charles spaniel’s 6.4kg. In height, Cavaliers stand about 12-13 inches, while King Charles spaniels are smaller, around 9-11 inches tall.

Both breeds appear in the same classic colour varieties: ruby, Blenheim, black and tan, and tricolour. Cavalier King Charles spaniels have long, straight silk-like fur with no waves, adorned with feathering on ears, chest, and tail. In contrast, King Charles spaniels may have a slight wave to their coat. A unique trait in some King Charles spaniels is the bobbed tail, which is an accepted breed characteristic but not found in Cavaliers.

The most noticeable difference lies in the head shape and muzzle. King Charles spaniels have a distinct domed head with a short, pushed-in muzzle ending in an upturned nose. Their eyes are large, wide-set, and very expressive, often appearing more prominent. Cavaliers have a flatter skull profile with a longer, tapered muzzle and large, soulful eyes but no markedly upturned nose.

Temperament and suitability as pets

Both the King Charles spaniel and Cavalier King Charles spaniel share similar sweet temperaments, owing to their close ancestry. They are affectionate, loyal, and excellent companions for families and individuals alike, including first-time dog owners.

These breeds are less demanding in exercise needs, generally happy with 20 to 30 minutes of daily walks and play. They have a moderate energy level, are intelligent, highly trainable, and adapt well to various living environments including flats. Importantly, their lower prey drive compared to other spaniels makes them pleasant around smaller pets.

Both breeds require lots of companionship and can suffer if left alone for long periods. They thrive on social interaction and are known for being playful and personable.

Breed recognition and classification

The UK Kennel Club recognises both breeds as purebred dogs within the toy group, holding separate breed classes at shows. However, they may compete side by side in top-level competitions such as Best in Group. In the UK, the King Charles spaniel is often distinguished by its more brachycephalic (flat-faced) structure, while the Cavalier King Charles spaniel exemplifies a more traditional spaniel profile.

Health considerations

Health-wise, each breed has challenges related to their physical traits. The King Charles spaniel’s brachycephalic muzzle may cause respiratory issues and requires careful monitoring, especially in warm weather. Cavaliers are prone to inherited conditions such as mitral valve disease affecting the heart and syringomyelia, a neurological disorder. Regular veterinary check-ups, responsible breeding for health screening, and early detection are essential to ensure a happy, long life with either breed.

Popularity and purchase price

The Cavalier King Charles spaniel is considerably more popular in the UK, ranking 19th among dog breeds, while the King Charles spaniel stands at 116th. This difference in demand impacts availability and pricing.

Buying a pedigree Cavalier King Charles spaniel puppy averages around £833, while a King Charles spaniel puppy costs about £543. Prices can vary substantially based on lineage, breeder reputation, and whether the puppy is destined for show quality or companionship.

When finding a puppy, it is crucial to seek reputable breeders who prioritise health and ethical breeding standards. This ensures the well-being of your new family member and helps reduce the risk of inherited conditions.

Summary: Which is right for you?

Choosing between a King Charles spaniel and a Cavalier King Charles spaniel depends on what you value most. If you prefer a smaller, flat-faced dog with a distinctive domed head and a longer average lifespan (with some caution on breathing), the King Charles spaniel is a charming option. If you want a slightly larger, more typical spaniel appearance with a longer muzzle, soulfully expressive eyes, and a very affectionate and social nature, the Cavalier King Charles spaniel is a popular choice across the UK.

Both breeds make extremely loving companions requiring moderate exercise and plenty of affection. Always choose breeders who test for genetic health and provide clear information to help you care for your new dog responsibly.