Why Some Dog Breeds Face More Health Issues Beyond Hereditary Ones

Hereditary health issues are those passed on from parents to their young, along with the inheritance of specific genes or gene mutations. Virtually all pedigree dog breeds have certain known hereditary health conditions found within them; but why are some dog breeds apparently predisposed to other health conditions, which do not pertain to the heredity of specific genes?

There are a couple of potential answers to this question – so read on to find out more!

1. Conformation Traits and Their Impact on Breed Health

Some health problems develop more frequently in certain dog breeds because of their typical conformation traits. These are the physical body shapes and features that characterise a breed.

For example, brachycephalic breeds, such as the French Bulldog puppies and pugs, are widely known for their flat faces. While moderate features generally pose no major health risks, exaggerated traits can lead to serious conditions like brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), which severely impacts breathing and quality of life.

In fact, the UK’s veterinary and kennel organisations have recognised that extreme conformation is unnatural and detrimental to a dog’s welfare. As a result, new health entry requirements, including Respiratory Function Grading assessments, have been introduced for shows such as Crufts starting in 2025. These measures help prevent the promotion of dogs with severely compromised respiratory health to protect breed welfare.

Another example is the German Shepherd puppies, where breeding for a steep hind leg angulation has been linked to a higher risk of hip dysplasia, causing pain and mobility problems later in life. Responsible breeders increasingly use health screening to minimise such inherited and conformation-related problems.

2. Care and Management Practices Affecting Breed Health

Not all health issues arise from genetics or body shape. The way a dog is cared for can greatly influence its health, and some breeds are more vulnerable due to typical owner management styles.

Obesity is a common culprit: breeds like pugs and Labradors readily gain excess weight if overfed and under-exercised. Nearly half of adult Labradors in the UK are overweight, partly because they require vigorous exercise and have poor impulse control around food. Similarly, many pugs in the UK are overweight, which owners sometimes mistake for their normal build. These weight issues lead to secondary conditions such as diabetes and arthritis, which significantly affect a dog’s quality of life.

Choosing a breed that matches your lifestyle is essential. If you are not enthusiastic about long walks, a high-energy breed like the Border Collie puppies may not be suitable even though they are healthy, active dogs requiring extensive activity to thrive.

3. How to Choose and Care for a Healthy Puppy

When selecting a puppy from a breed known to have conformation-related risks, research the breed's natural and healthy traits carefully. Choose puppies from breeders who avoid exaggerations and prioritise health screening.

For breeds prone to care-related conditions, such as Pugs or Labradors, preparedness for proper exercise and nutrition is vital. Regular veterinary check-ups and early intervention for breathing or musculoskeletal problems can prevent serious health complications.

Remember, just because some owners of a breed keep their dogs in less-than-ideal condition does not mean this is acceptable or healthy for your puppy. Independent research, consultation with reputable breeders, and Veterinary advice are keys to ensuring your dog lives a happy, healthy life.

Avoid impulsive purchases driven by trends or novelty. Instead, promote responsible ownership by selecting a breed suited to your lifestyle and investing time and effort in their care.