Why is my dog coughing? 10 common causes explained

Just like humans, dogs sometimes develop a cough for various reasons. While some coughs are minor and resolve on their own, others can signal more serious health problems that need veterinary attention. Understanding why your dog is coughing can help you make informed decisions to keep them healthy and comfortable.

In this article, we'll review 10 common causes of coughing in dogs and what steps you can take to help your furry friend.

1. A simple cough or cold

A light cough or sniffles lasting a few days may just be your dog's version of a cold. Keep an eye on their condition — if the cough persists beyond five days or worsens, or if your dog shows difficulty breathing, contact your vet promptly.

2. Kennel cough

Kennel cough is a common infectious respiratory disease caused by multiple viruses and bacteria. It spreads quickly in places where dogs gather, such as boarding kennels or dog parks. Kennel cough usually causes a harsh, raspy cough that can be distressing for your dog. Fortunately, vaccines can help prevent this condition.

3. Canine distemper

Canine distemper is a highly contagious viral illness affecting multiple body systems including the respiratory tract. In the UK, dogs are routinely vaccinated against distemper. Ensuring your dog’s vaccinations are current is crucial in prevention.

4. Ingestion of a foreign body

If your dog accidentally inhales or swallows a foreign object like a small toy, piece of food, or plant material, it can cause irritation or blockage in the airways. A sudden, persistent cough may reflect their effort to expel the object. This requires urgent veterinary assessment to remove the object and prevent complications.

5. Parasitic infection

Parasites such as lungworm, heartworm, and roundworms can cause coughing if they invade the respiratory system. Regular worming is essential to protect your dog. Watch for signs like coughing that produces mucus, vomiting after coughing, or visible worms in stools or vomit, and get veterinary treatment as needed.

6. Canine influenza and pneumonia

Like humans, dogs can catch the flu, known as canine influenza. The flu can progress to pneumonia, a serious lung infection. If your dog coughs along with flu-like symptoms such as fever, lethargy, or nasal discharge, seek veterinary care immediately to start appropriate treatment.

7. Chronic bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis is inflammation of the airways causing a persistent, often painful cough that produces mucus. Dogs in smoky or polluted environments are at higher risk, so avoid smoking near your pet. Veterinary consultation is important to diagnose and manage this condition effectively.

8. Heart problems

Heart disease can lead to fluid build-up in the lungs, causing coughing, particularly when your dog is resting or lying down. If your dog has a persistent cough that worsens at night or shows other signs of heart issues, have your vet perform a thorough cardiac evaluation.

9. Lung cancer

Although rare, lung tumours can cause persistent coughing in dogs. If a cough is unexplained and doesn't improve with treatment, it's vital to consult your vet for tests to detect or rule out cancer and other serious conditions.

10. Fungal infections

Fungal organisms from environments like stagnant water or bird droppings can infect the lungs causing coughing along with fever, weight loss, and difficulty breathing. Prompt veterinary diagnosis and antifungal treatment are essential for a good prognosis.

Coughing might also arise due to allergies, tracheal irritation from collar use, or other respiratory ailments. If you are uncertain or your dog’s cough is persistent, worsening, or accompanied by other symptoms like distress or breathing difficulty, please contact your vet immediately. Early diagnosis and responsible care give your dog the best chance of recovery.

Being proactive means your dog can get the right care early, helping them enjoy a happy, healthy life by your side.