Alabama Rot in the UK: Essential Facts for Dog Owners

Alabama rot is a serious but rare disease that dog owners in the UK should be aware of, especially during the cooler and wetter months. Since its first appearance in the UK in 2012, nearly 100 confirmed cases have resulted in fatalities, but early detection is crucial for a better outcome.

Originally identified in the United States affecting Greyhounds, greyhounds were once considered the only breed at risk. However, UK cases involve a variety of breeds regardless of age or sex, making awareness important for every dog owner. In this article, we'll explain what Alabama rot is, how to recognise its symptoms, what to do if you suspect your dog is affected, and some practical tips on prevention.

What is Alabama Rot?

Alabama rot, scientifically known as cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV), is caused by a bacterial infection, potentially linked to E.coli. The bacteria release toxins that damage the blood vessels in the skin and kidneys, often progressing rapidly to acute kidney failure, which can be fatal if not treated promptly.

First described in the US during the 1980s, the illness was initially seen only in Greyhounds but has since been found to affect many breeds. In the UK, the cause remains unclear, though environmental factors such as muddy, wooded areas have been associated with cases.

Signs and Symptoms to Watch For

Alabama rot progresses quickly, and early symptoms often appear as skin lesions. These can look like small wounds, ulcers, red or swollen areas, and may be found anywhere on the body—commonly on the lower limbs, paws, or underside. Such sores can be mistaken for insect bites, stings, or minor injuries, so it's vital to monitor any unusual skin changes carefully.

Within a few days, symptoms of kidney involvement may develop, including lethargy, loss of appetite, vomiting, and changes in urination. Unfortunately, kidney failure caused by Alabama rot is often fatal in 90% of cases once it reaches this stage, highlighting the importance of early veterinary intervention.

What To Do If You Notice a Lesion

If you spot suspicious skin lesions on your dog, book a same-day veterinary appointment and inform the vet of your concerns regarding Alabama rot. Early diagnosis is challenging but can be life-saving. Your vet may recommend referral to specialist centres like Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists in Hampshire, known for leading expertise on this condition.

Where and When Are Cases Most Common?

Confirmed Alabama rot cases in the UK tend to cluster in wetter, muddy regions, especially in southern and western England. The New Forest is a known area with several cases. Most infections occur between late autumn and early summer, with suspected links to exposure to contaminated soil or water during walks.

Preventative Measures for Dog Owners

While no vaccine or guaranteed prevention exists, there are practical steps to reduce risk:

• Wash your dog thoroughly with fresh water after walks in muddy or woodland areas, particularly from November to June.
• Regularly check your dog’s coat and skin for any lesions, wounds, or irritation.
• Avoid allowing your dog to drink from puddles or stagnant water during walks.
• Maintain overall good health and regular vet check-ups to spot any unusual signs early.

Is Alabama Rot Common?

Despite the severity, Alabama rot remains very rare in the UK. There have been roughly 326 confirmed cases since 2012, relative to a dog population of around 9 million. The best defence is knowledge and prompt action if you notice symptoms.

Final Thoughts

Being informed about Alabama rot empowers you to protect your beloved pet by recognising early signs and seeking urgent veterinary care. Responsible dog ownership includes keeping current with health risks and seasonal precautions, especially if you frequent high-risk outdoor areas. Your vet is your best partner in safeguarding your dog's health.