Can puppies and younger dogs suffer from arthritis?

Arthritis is a health condition affecting dogs, humans, and many other animals, typically linked to ageing. While most commonly seen in older dogs, arthritis can also develop in puppies and younger dogs, though less frequently.

If a young dog or puppy shows signs of joint pain or stiffness, it may not always be arthritis, as other health issues could cause similar symptoms. A vet's examination is essential to rule out other causes before confirming arthritis. This article explores arthritis in young dogs and puppies, explaining potential causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

What is arthritis?

Arthritis is a degenerative joint condition caused by the breakdown of protective cartilage within joints. This cartilage allows smooth, pain-free movement; when it deteriorates, bones rub painfully against each other, causing inflammation and discomfort.

Typically, arthritis develops over many years due to wear and tear, which is why it's mostly seen in older dogs. However, it can sometimes affect younger dogs if their joints suffer early damage.

Why might a puppy or young dog develop arthritis?

In young dogs, arthritis usually results from an underlying joint deformity or injury that accelerates cartilage damage:

• Joint dysplasia: Hip and elbow dysplasia are inherited conditions where joint components do not fit together properly, leading to abnormal wear. These are common causes of early arthritis in breeds like puppies of large breeds.
• Osteochondrosis: A developmental disorder causing abnormal bone growth, often affecting elbow, shoulder, or hip joints, especially in large and giant breeds. It damages cartilage, promoting arthritis.
• Injuries: Trauma or ligament tears at a young age can cause early onset arthritis.
• Other factors: Infections, immune system disorders, and poor nutrition may also contribute, but are rarer causes.
• Tick-borne diseases: Lyme disease can occasionally trigger joint inflammation and arthritis, though it's uncommon in the UK.

Symptoms of arthritis in puppies and young dogs

Signs of arthritis in young dogs mirror those in older animals, though diagnosis can be complex due to overlapping health issues. Symptoms may include:

• Limping or stiffness
• Short, stiff gait
• Difficulty rising or lying down
• Reluctance to exercise or play
• Pain and discomfort when moving or being touched
• Swollen or warm joints

If you notice these signs, consult your vet for a thorough assessment and possible imaging to diagnose the condition accurately.

How is arthritis treated and managed in young dogs?

There is currently no cure for arthritis; management focuses on symptom relief and maintaining quality of life:

• Weight management: Keeping your dog at a healthy weight reduces stress on joints.
• Exercise: Gentle, low-impact activities like swimming and controlled walks help maintain joint mobility without causing further harm.
• Physical therapies: Hydrotherapy, massage, and physiotherapy can ease pain and improve function.
• Medications: Vets may prescribe pain relief and anti-inflammatory drugs to manage discomfort and flare-ups.
• Dietary supplements: Nutritional aids such as glucosamine and chondroitin may support joint health.
• Environmental modifications: Providing ramps, elevated food and water bowls, and comfortable bedding helps your dog navigate their surroundings comfortably.
• Surgery: In some cases, especially with severe dysplasia, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct joint problems and delay arthritis progression.

Regular veterinary check-ups are essential to monitor your dog's condition and adapt treatment as needed for the best outcomes.

What questions should you ask when buying a puppy related to arthritis risk?

Quick Answer: Asking breeders about the health testing they perform on parent dogs for joint conditions and any history of arthritis in the lineage is vital to reduce your puppy's risk.

When selecting a puppy, especially from breeds prone to joint issues, enquire whether the breeder conducts health screenings like hip and elbow scoring via recognised schemes such as those endorsed by the Kennel Club. Responsible breeders will provide health clearances and discuss any family history of joint problems. This knowledge helps you make informed decisions and promote lifelong healthy joints for your new companion.