How Common Are Eye Problems in Pugs? Top 5 Conditions Explained

The pug is one of the UK’s most popular dog breeds, known affectionately for their quirky looks and playful personality. However, their distinct look, particularly their flat face and prominent eyes, stems from a brachycephalic conformation that impacts their health, especially their eyes.

Because of their abnormal facial structure, pugs have large, prominent eyes that are more exposed and vulnerable to injury and disease than those of dogs with a standard muzzle length. This article explores just how common eye issues are in pugs and highlights the five most frequent eye conditions seen in this breed.

How Common Are Eye Problems in Pugs?

According to data gathered by the Royal Veterinary College from 89 UK clinics over four years, approximately 185.3 pugs out of every 1,000 vet visits – that’s almost 19% – sought treatment primarily for eye-related problems.

This significant proportion underscores the importance of monitoring pugs’ eye health and being aware of potential issues early.

1. Corneal Disorders

Corneal disorders affected about 87.22 pugs per 1,000 vet visits, just under 9%. These disorders include diseases and injuries to the cornea such as ulcers and keratitis. Pugs’ bulging eyes make them especially prone to these issues, which can cause pain and vision loss if untreated.

2. Eye Discharge

Eye discharge was the reason for veterinary attention in roughly 21.8 pugs per 1,000 visits. This condition can stem from infections, poor tear drainage, or foreign bodies irritating the eyes.

Their eye shape and tear duct anatomy make pugs more susceptible to such problems, which require veterinary assessment to prevent complications.

3. Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis causes inflammation of the conjunctiva, leading to redness, irritation, and discharge. It was diagnosed in 18.83 pugs per 1,000 vet visits, and is often linked to the pug’s facial structure affecting tear drainage and eyelid function.

4. Dry Eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca)

Dry eye, or keratoconjunctivitis sicca, affects roughly 18.83 out of every 1,000 pugs and involves insufficient tear production. Without treatment, it can cause discomfort and permanent blindness as the cornea becomes damaged due to dryness.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to protect your pug’s vision and comfort.

5. Ophthalmic Abnormalities

This catch-all category includes a range of abnormalities in eye development and structure seen in pugs due to their conformation. It affected about 11.89 pugs per 1,000 vet visits, roughly one in every hundred.

Examples include eyelid abnormalities and structural defects that may predispose the pug to further eye issues or injuries.

Additional Common Eye Issues in Pugs (2025 Update)

In addition to the above, current veterinary knowledge also emphasises several other conditions of concern in pugs due to their unique facial anatomy:

• Pigmentary Keratitis: Involves pigment and blood vessels invading the cornea, potentially impairing vision. It can affect up to 50% of pugs to varying degrees.
• Corneal Ulcers: Painful open sores on the cornea caused by trauma such as scratches or foreign bodies. These require urgent veterinary care to prevent worsening and vision loss.
• Proptosis: The eye bulging or popping out of its socket, more common in pugs due to their shallow eye sockets. Immediate treatment is essential.

Signs to Watch for in Your Pug’s Eyes

Eye conditions can often be detected early by observing your pug for symptoms such as:

• Redness or inflammation
• Cloudiness or pigment on the eye surface
• Excessive tearing or discharge
• Squinting, rubbing or pawing at the eye
• Swelling or bulging eyes
• Signs of discomfort or vision changes

Responsible Ownership and Veterinary Care

Due to their predisposition to eye conditions caused by their brachycephalic features, pugs require regular veterinary eye checks. Early diagnosis and treatment greatly improve their quality of life and can prevent serious complications like blindness or loss of the eye.

If you are considering finding a pug puppy, choosing reputable breeders who prioritise health and minimise extreme features is essential for responsible ownership and long-term wellbeing.

By staying attentive to their eye health and seeking prompt veterinary advice when problems arise, you can help ensure your pug enjoys a happy, healthy life.

Source: Royal Veterinary College