The pug dog breed is among the most popular small breeds in the UK, adored for their friendly nature and suitability for living in smaller homes. However, their distinctive brachycephalic face — characterised by a flat appearance, short muzzle, and large prominent eyes — places them at particular risk for eye injuries, including corneal scratches.
Pugs have large, round eyes that tend to protrude more than in many other breeds, making them vulnerable to abrasions, which can cause pain, vision impairment, and secondary infections. This article explains why pugs are at risk, how to identify corneal scratches, preventative measures, and treatment advice to help protect your pug's delicate eyes.
The brachycephalic facial structure of pugs results in protruding eyes, which lack the protection that deeper-set eyes enjoy. Other breeds with similar facial features, such as the French bulldog, share this vulnerability. This protrusion, combined with sometimes excessive flattening of the face, termed "exaggerated" or "ultra-typed" features, not only increases the risk of eye abrasions but can also cause breathing difficulties.
The more prominent the eyes, the higher the likelihood that environmental factors — like grassy undergrowth, rough play, or accidental scratches from other pets — can harm the eyes' surface.
The cornea is the clear, outermost layer covering the eye’s lens. It protects the eye from debris and injury but is the most exposed and therefore vulnerable to scratches or abrasions caused by contact with external objects.
Corneal scratches often happen during daily activities. Walking through thorny bushes or undergrowth, playful roughhousing, or an inadvertent swipe from a cat's paw are common causes. Even tiny particles of grit or dirt can irritate the cornea enough to cause a scratch.
Detecting a small corneal scratch can be challenging because the injury is on the eye's surface. Signs to look for include constant squinting, keeping the affected eye closed, watery eyes, mild discharge, or redness. Your pug may frequently paw their eye or try to rub it against furniture or your hand.
If infection develops, symptoms can worsen, with inflammation increasing and discharges becoming yellow or greenish. Prompt attention can prevent escalation to more serious eye problems like ulcers.
Prevention is essential for protecting your pug’s eyes. Consider these important steps:
A corneal scratch may appear minor but can rapidly worsen if left unmanaged. Here’s what to do:
Seek urgent veterinary help if you notice any of the following signs:
Early intervention is crucial to prevent serious complications such as corneal ulcers or potential vision loss.
Because of their unique facial structure, pugs are predisposed to corneal scratches. However, through informed prevention measures — selecting responsibly bred pugs, environmental management, regular vet check-ups, and protective care — their risk can be minimised.
If your pug does get a scratch, timely veterinary treatment with antibiotic drops, pain relief, and protective measures like a buster collar will support a quick recovery and help avoid painful complications.
Remember, responsible ownership and careful observation are the best ways to keep your pug’s eyes healthy and happy.