10 Must-Know Facts About German Shepherds Before Buying

The German shepherd ranks as the 8th most popular dog breed in the UK, and the second most popular large breed after the Labrador retriever. Known for their versatility, intelligence, and loyalty, German shepherds are chosen by thousands of UK owners each year. However, as a large, energetic breed with a complex personality, they aren’t the right fit for everyone.

If you’re considering finding a German shepherd puppy, this guide shares the top 10 facts you need to understand before making that important decision.

1. German shepherds need lots of daily exercise

These dogs are not just large; they are high-energy and highly active. Adult German shepherds require about one and a half to two hours of exercise each day, split into multiple sessions. This should include brisk walks, playtime, running, and mental stimulation through training or games to keep them physically fit and mentally happy.

For puppies, exercise must be moderated to protect their developing joints — typically five minutes per month of age, two to three times a day. Senior dogs benefit from gentler walks tailored to their mobility.

2. They’re among the most intelligent dog breeds

The German shepherd is considered the third most intelligent dog breed worldwide, excelling in working intelligence, trainability, and problem-solving. Historically bred for herding and guarding livestock, this intelligence makes them excellent police, military, and service dogs, as well as companions for canine sports like agility or obedience trials.

3. Training requires experience and variety

Being highly intelligent can make training a challenge. German shepherds can become easily bored with repetitive commands and may develop habits through observation. Successful training demands an experienced, confident handler who can offer clear, consistent guidance and keep lessons engaging.

4. Grooming is important due to heavy shedding

German shepherds come in two main coat types: long and thick, or shorter but dense. Both require regular brushing to maintain skin and coat health. They shed heavily year-round, with intense seasonal shedding periods in spring and autumn where loose fur can be easily plucked. Regular grooming reduces hair around your home and helps prevent skin issues.

5. Modern German shepherds differ in appearance from historical types

Today’s breed often features a sharply sloping back and hindquarters compared to older lines. While this look is popular in show lines, it can unfortunately predispose some dogs to certain health problems, especially related to their spinal structure and mobility.

6. Hip and elbow dysplasia are common health concerns

German shepherds have an elevated risk of hip and elbow dysplasia — developmental issues affecting the joints that can cause pain and mobility difficulties. These risks are heightened by the breed’s conformation and sloping back. Responsible breeders test parent dogs for hip and elbow scores to minimise hereditary transmission.

7. They make excellent watchdogs but need proper socialisation

Natural guarding and protective instincts make German shepherds confident watchdogs who are devoted to their families and homes. However, without early socialisation and training, they can become overly territorial or wary towards strangers. Clear rules and consistent exposure to different environments keep behaviour balanced.

8. A confident, experienced owner best suits this breed

The German shepherd’s strong personality and independence thrive best under owners who provide firm boundaries and regular guidance. Confidence, patience, and consistency are essential qualities to manage their traits and meet their needs effectively.

9. Not ideal for first-time dog owners

These dogs demand more time, energy, and training knowledge than many other breeds. If you’re new to dog ownership, the German shepherd can be challenging. Prospective owners should spend ample time with the breed and seek advice from experienced handlers before committing.

10. Responsible acquisition is crucial

If you decide a German shepherd is right for you, sourcing a puppy from a reputable German shepherd breeder who performs health testing and breed-appropriate socialisation is vital. Avoid impulsive purchases and take the time to research and prepare to provide lifelong, loving care.

What to Ask When Buying a German Shepherd Puppy

Quick Answer: Ask about health clearances, temperament of parents, socialisation experiences, and the breeder’s practices. Confirm vaccination and microchipping status before purchase.

When buying a German shepherd puppy, important questions to ask include: Are the parents screened for hip and elbow dysplasia? How well socialised are the puppies? What health checks and vaccinations have been performed? Does the breeder guarantee health and provide ongoing support? These help ensure you bring home a healthy, well-rounded puppy from responsible breeders dedicated to the breed’s welfare.

How Much Exercise Does a German Shepherd Need?

Quick Answer: Adult German shepherds require approximately 1.5 to 2 hours of daily exercise, combining physical activities and mental stimulation to stay balanced and healthy.

German shepherds benefit from a mix of long walks, jogging, play sessions, and training exercises daily. Puppies need limited, gentle activities tailored to their development stage, while seniors require adjusted, low-impact exercise. Mental engagement through training games or puzzles is critical to prevent boredom and behavioural issues arising from their high intelligence.

Common Health Problems to Watch For in German Shepherds

Quick Answer: Hip and elbow dysplasia, degenerative myelopathy, bloat, allergies, and immune-related conditions are among common health issues historically and currently observed in German shepherds.

Prospective and current owners should be aware of hereditary joint conditions like hip and elbow dysplasia that may cause arthritis and mobility problems. Degenerative myelopathy is a progressive spinal disease affecting older dogs. Bloat, an emergency gastric condition, is a risk due to their deep chests. Allergies can also affect skin and digestive health. Regular veterinary check-ups, health screening, responsible breeding, and astute care are critical to manage and reduce these risks.