Common Dog Eye Problems: Causes, Treatment & Prevention Guide

Dogs' eyes are not just soulful windows to their affection but also delicate organs that require proper care. Just like humans, their eye health can decline with age, and various eye conditions can affect dogs at any stage of life. Understanding the most common eye problems, their symptoms, and how to prevent them helps provide the best care possible.

Many eye conditions are hereditary, some contagious, and others arise suddenly due to injury or environment. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to preserve your dog's vision and comfort. This comprehensive guide explores seven common dog eye problems in the UK for 2025, offering practical advice on recognising signs, treatment options, and prevention.

1. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Dry Eye): Causes and Care

Dry eye occurs when your dog's tear glands don’t produce enough lubrication, leading to discomfort, inflammation, and recurrent infections. Certain breeds like West Highland Terriers, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, and Cocker Spaniels are more prone due to hereditary factors.

Symptoms include redness, mucus buildup, excessive blinking, and discomfort. Treatment involves lifelong use of medicated eye drops to stimulate tear production and prevent infection.

Preventive tip: Regular veterinary check-ups are key. Catching dry eye early improves management and your dog’s quality of life.

2. Conjunctivitis: Recognising and Treating the "Pinker" Eye

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the lining of the eye, caused by infections (bacterial, viral), allergies, or irritants like dust and smoke. It’s highly contagious among dogs and commonly appears as red, swollen eyes with discharge.

If you notice your dog pawing at their eyes or excessive tearing, seek veterinary advice promptly. Treatment typically includes prescription eye drops or ointments targeting the underlying cause.

3. Corneal Ulceration: Emergency Response to Eye Injury

Tears and scratches from thorns, sand, or rough play can cause corneal abrasions or ulcers. These are painful and can lead to permanent eye damage if untreated.

Signs include squinting, redness, tearing, and cloudy eye surfaces. Emergency veterinary care is necessary, involving antibiotic drops and pain relief. Avoid washing the eye with harsh chemicals and do not attempt to remove foreign objects yourself.

4. Epiphora (Excessive Tearing): Causes and Management

Excessive tearing, or epiphora, usually results from blocked or malformed tear ducts. It can also be secondary to infections or irritations, leaving wet fur and tear staining beneath the eyes.

Veterinarians evaluate the cause and recommend regular cleaning, medical treatment, or sometimes surgical correction for anatomical issues.

5. Cataracts: Age & Genetic Factors

Cataracts involve clouding of the eye’s lens, commonly developing in older dogs or certain breeds with hereditary predisposition. The condition blocks vision but is generally painless.

Surgical removal can restore sight, though risks increase in senior dogs. Responsible breeders use eye screening schemes to reduce inherited cataracts in puppies.

6. Glaucoma: Recognising and Acting Quickly

Glaucoma is an increase in intraocular pressure causing painful eye swelling and potential blindness. Symptoms include red eyes, dilated pupils, and visible discomfort.

Early detection by your vet is critical for management using medications or surgery. Regular eye exams help identify glaucoma before irreversible damage occurs.

7. Eye Infections: Identification and Prevention

Eye infections stem from bacteria like Staphylococcus or viruses such as canine Distemper. Symptoms include redness, swelling, discharge, and irritation.

Maintaining a clean environment, avoiding exposure to irritants, and keeping vaccinations up to date are essential preventive steps. Treatment involves antibiotics or antivirals prescribed by a vet.

Symptoms to Watch For in Your Dog's Eyes

• Redness or swelling of the eye and eyelids
• Discharge that is clear, yellow, green, or crusty
• Excessive blinking or pawing at eyes
• Cloudy or dull appearance to the eye surface
• Excessive tearing or tear staining
• Squinting or keeping eyes partially closed
• Signs of pain or vision impairment

Preventing Dog Eye Problems: Best Practices in 2025

To maintain your dog’s eye health, take these straightforward steps:

• Routine Veterinary Eye Screening: Participate in schemes like the British Veterinary Association and Kennel Club Eye Screening Scheme for early detection of inherited and acquired eye diseases.
• Daily Eye Checks and Cleaning: Gently clean eyes with a warm, damp cotton cloth or mild saline solution from the inner eye outward to avoid irritation.
• Protective Measures: Use protective dog goggles, especially for dogs prone to outdoor eye injuries, wind, or debris exposure.
• Good Nutrition: Provide a balanced diet rich in vitamins A, C, E, antioxidants, and carotenoids to support eye tissue health.
• Proper Grooming: Trim hair around the eyes to prevent scratches and irritation caused by long lashes or fur.
• Responsible Breeding: Choose reputable breeders who conduct genetic eye screenings and avoid breeding dogs affected by hereditary eye conditions.

What Are the Most Common Dog Eye Problems, and Can You Prevent Them?

Quick Answer: The most common dog eye problems include conjunctivitis, cataracts, dry eye, eyelid masses, and tear duct abnormalities, many of which have hereditary components but can be managed or prevented through veterinary care, hygiene, and screening.

Understanding the causes, symptoms, and prevention strategies is crucial to protecting your dog's eyesight. Early veterinary intervention and responsible ownership, including regular eye checks and adopting dogs from reputable breeders, can dramatically reduce the risks and impacts of these conditions. If you notice any eye discomfort or changes, consult your vet immediately for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.