Which dog breeds are more susceptible to cancer?

As dogs age, particularly around 8 to 10 years, their risk of developing cancer increases significantly, by up to 50%. This risk applies to all dogs regardless of breed, but some breeds do have a notably higher susceptibility to certain types of cancer. Understanding these risks helps owners stay vigilant and seek early veterinary advice for prompt diagnosis and care.

Breeds with High Risk of Specific Cancers

Research consistently shows that purebred dogs generally have around 1.9 times the relative risk of cancer compared to mixed breeds. Some breeds have well-documented predispositions:

• Boxers are at highest overall risk and prone to mast cell tumours, lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, brain, skin, and heart cancers. Their cancer susceptibility requires frequent health monitoring.
• Golden Retrievers frequently develop bone cancers, lymphatic cancers, and several other types, with cancer being the leading cause of death for the breed. Nearly 60% of senior Goldens may face cancer challenges during their lifetime.
• Bernese Mountain Dogs are particularly prone to histiocytic sarcoma, a severe cancer that affects this giant breed significantly.
• Other large breeds like Great Danes and Irish Setters have a heightened risk of osteosarcoma (bone cancer).
• Smaller breeds such as Boston Terriers and Flat-coated Retrievers also show increased mast cell tumour rates.

Breeds with Medium and Low Cancer Risk

Many breeds fall into moderate or lower risk categories for cancer, although no dog is immune. Medium-risk breeds often inherit predispositions to specific cancers:

• Standard and Miniature Poodles
• Miniature Schnauzers
• Dachshunds
• Jack Russells
• Alaskan Malamutes
• Bichon Frises
• Shih Tzus
• Weimaraners
• Pekingese

Low-risk breeds exhibit less frequent cancer cases breed-wide, but owners should remain alert for other health conditions. Examples include:

• Border Collies
• Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
• Greyhounds
• Australian Shepherds
• Havanese
• Maltese
• Welsh Corgis (Cardigan and Pembroke)
• Miniature Pinschers

Preventing and Managing Canine Cancer

While no guaranteed way exists to prevent cancer, responsible dog ownership can reduce risks and boost early detection:

• Spaying or neutering your dog reduces risks of reproductive cancers such as ovarian and testicular cancer.
• Feed a high-quality, balanced diet rich in needed nutrients to support overall health.
• Keep your dog active and maintain a healthy weight to lower cancer risk.
• Perform regular health checks at home; seek veterinary advice if you notice lumps, bumps, or unusual signs early.
• Regular veterinary check-ups are vital for screening and early diagnosis, especially in high-risk breeds.

Awareness of breed-specific risks supports prompt action, potentially improving treatment outcomes and quality of life for your dog. Discussing your dog’s breed risks with your vet can guide tailored health monitoring and care.

Summary

Cancer susceptibility varies by breed, with some breeds such as Boxers, Golden Retrievers, and Bernese Mountain Dogs having higher risks for particular cancers. Responsible ownership, including prevention, regular monitoring and prompt vet visits, is key to supporting your dog’s health. Early detection remains crucial for improving prognosis.