Common Canine Eye Problems Often Mistaken for Cataracts

If your dog starts showing signs of cloudy eyes, vision loss, or opacity within the eye, it's natural to worry about cataracts. While cataracts are a prevalent progressive eye condition, especially in older dogs, there are several other conditions that can look very similar but require different care. Understanding these common canine eye problems can help you recognise symptoms early and seek prompt veterinary attention.

Cataracts

Cataracts develop when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, which can cause gradual vision loss and potentially lead to blindness. Common in mature or elderly dogs, cataracts can also be genetic or arise as a complication of diseases such as diabetes. Surgery is often recommended to restore vision, making early diagnosis crucial.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is an inherited eye disease causing the retina to degenerate progressively, typically affecting both eyes simultaneously. This condition worsens over time and eventually results in blindness. There is currently no cure, but early diagnosis can help manage your dog's quality of life.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma occurs when pressure builds up inside the eye due to improper drainage of aqueous humour. This buildup can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision impairment. Certain breeds such as the Basset Hound, Poodle, and Cocker Spaniel are more prone to glaucoma. Although glaucoma itself is not painful, it requires prompt veterinary treatment to prevent lasting vision damage.

Corneal Ulcers

Corneal ulcers, or ulcerative keratitis, involve the loss of the outer layer of the cornea accompanied by inflammation. These ulcers are common and can be painful, with symptoms such as squinting, excess tearing, and eye irritation. Superficial ulcers often heal with antibiotics and topical treatments, but deeper ulcers might need surgical intervention to prevent further complications.

Lenticular Sclerosis (Nuclear Sclerosis)

Lenticular sclerosis, also called nuclear sclerosis, tends to affect dogs from around seven or eight years old. This condition causes a grey or bluish haze on the lens of both eyes, which closely resembles cataracts visually but rarely affects vision. Fortunately, it is not painful and requires no treatment. It is very common and is part of natural ageing.

Corneal Dystrophy

Corneal dystrophy is a rare hereditary condition characterised by the build-up of cholesterol crystals and lipids on the eye’s lens. This creates fatty, mucky-looking deposits or fine lines and crystals that may affect one or both eyes. Initially, vision usually remains normal, but in advanced stages, vision loss can occur. Treatment options include corneal transplant surgery, which is performed by specialist veterinary ophthalmologists.

Retinal Dysplasia

Retinal dysplasia is a non-progressive retinal disorder often inherited genetically. It causes distinctive folds or clumps called rosettes in the retina, which look different from the overall cloudiness of cataracts. It can affect one or both eyes, sometimes alongside cataracts or glaucoma. Though it can impair vision, retinal dysplasia is not painful, currently untreatable, but manageable with care and understanding.

Get Your Dog Checked By a Vet

If you notice changes in your dog’s eyes, don’t delay in booking a veterinary examination. Early diagnosis is the key to effective treatment for many eye conditions and can help preserve your dog’s vision and quality of life.

Understanding your dog’s diagnosis, even if the condition is not curable, equips you to make necessary adjustments to their environment and lifestyle, helping your beloved companion enjoy life despite visual challenges.